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Archaeological Survey of the area of al-Hira/Iraq

伊拉克 al-Hira 地区的考古调查

基本信息

批准号：
393211831
负责人：
Dr. Margarete van Ess
金额：
--
依托单位：
Museum für Islamische Kunst
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/393211831?language=en
关键词：
Archaeological Survey area al Hira

项目摘要

The late-antique and early Islamic city of al-Hira, located in todays Iraq, about 160 km south of Baghdad, was the capital of the Lakhmid rulers and one of the leading urban centers of the Near East. Benefiting from its strategic location at the intersection of several major trade routes, the city was integrated into a network of political and economic relations with the Sasanian and Byzantine empires. The rise of al-Hira to an urban center of supra-regional importance and the seat of a metropolitan in the 5th and 6th centuries is historically well-studied. The same applies to the history of the city during the following three centuries, when the rival city of al-Kufa, founded in its immediate neighbourhood in 639, assumed many functions of al-Hira. Finally, the city fell into decay and was abandoned in the 10th century. Arab collective memory, however, preserved the remembrance of the city which lived on as a symbol of the glorious ancient Arabian past. This nimbus, which surrounds the place, is still alive in Iraq. The archaeological exploration of al-Hira, the remains of which spread over an area of some 25 square km, is still in the beginning, even though a number of archaeological investigations were conducted since the 1930s. Based on an archaeological surface survey, the evaluation of satellite imagery and the mapping of structures still visible on the surface, the present project aims at the reconstruction of the history and urban structure of the settlement and the creation of a detailed archaeological inventory map. The mapping, documentation and analysis of surface features and finds will serve the preparation of further archaeological excavation in the near future. Furthermore, it will support the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage to define archaeological protection zones in this area which is severely threatened by the growth of the living cities Kufa, Najaf and Abu Sukheir.

古代晚期和早期的伊斯兰城市希拉位于今天的伊拉克，巴格达以南约160公里，是拉赫米德统治者的首都，也是近东主要的城市中心之一。得益于其位于几条主要贸易路线交汇处的战略位置，这座城市融入了与萨珊和拜占庭帝国的政治和经济关系网络。希拉在5世纪和6世纪崛起为一个具有超区域重要性的城市中心和一个大都市的所在地，这在历史上得到了很好的研究。这同样适用于城市的历史，在接下来的三个世纪，当竞争对手的城市库法，成立于639年在其附近，承担了许多功能的铝希拉。最后，这座城市陷入衰败，并在世纪被遗弃。然而，阿拉伯人的集体记忆保留了对这座城市的记忆，这座城市作为阿拉伯古代辉煌历史的象征而存在。这种围绕着这个地方的灵气在伊拉克仍然存在。尽管自1930年代以来进行了一些考古调查，但对Al-Hira的考古勘探仍处于起步阶段，其遗迹分布在约25平方公里的地区。本项目的目的是在进行考古地面调查、评价卫星图像和绘制地面上仍然可见的结构图的基础上，重建该定居点的历史和城市结构，并绘制详细的考古盘存图。对地表特征和发现物的测绘、记录和分析将有助于为不久的将来进一步的考古发掘做准备。此外，它将支持伊拉克国家文物和遗产委员会在这一地区确定考古保护区，该地区受到生活城市库法、纳杰夫和阿布苏克雷的发展的严重威胁。