German Geist on the Bosphorus. On the Reception of Ontology and Philosophical Anthropology at Istanbul University (1933–1960)

这个项目考虑了伊斯坦布尔大学从1933年改革到20世纪60年代对德国哲学的接受。德国和土耳其之间的学术交流不应局限于30年代流亡学者在伊斯坦布尔的存在。必须根据更广泛的知识政治转移对它们进行重新评估。该项目考虑了伊斯坦布尔大学哲学系在穆斯塔法·凯末尔（Mustafa Kemal）、İsmet İnönü和Adnan Menderes担任校长期间的接待阶段。20世纪20年代德国哲学的竞争范式对土耳其民族化、世俗化的学院派哲学的建构起了决定性的作用。1938年以后，哈特曼的“新本体论”和哲学人类学成为伊斯坦布尔大学讨论最多的哲学范式。他们被认为是一些被认为是传统的哲学理解的替代品，是实证主义知识理论和逻辑经验主义的替代品，这两种趋势在20世纪30年代的伊斯坦布尔由流亡的哲学家（汉斯·莱辛巴赫和恩斯特·冯·阿斯特）代表。1950年后，在德国教授（Heinz Heimsoeth, Joachim Ritter）定居伊斯坦布尔之后，这种接待和与德国的交流增加了。当时在土耳其最能体现学术哲学的是Takiyettin Mengüşoğlu（本体论人类学）、Macit Gökberk和Bedia Akarsu（语言与文明哲学）。

This project considers the reception of German philosophy at Istanbul University, from its reform in 1933 till the 1960s. The academic exchanges which took place between Germany and Turkey should not be restricted to the presence of the exiled scholars in the 1930s Istanbul. They must be reassessed in light of a broader political transfer of knowledge. This project considers the stages of this reception at the Department of Philosophy at Istanbul University under the presidencies of Mustafa Kemal, İsmet İnönü and Adnan Menderes. Competing paradigms from the 1920s German philosophy had a decisive effect on the construction of a national and secularized academic philosophy in Turkey. After 1938, Nicolai Hartmann’s “new ontology” as well as the philosophical anthropology became the most discussed philosophical paradigms in Istanbul University. They were perceived as a substitute for some understandings of philosophy which were deemed traditional and as an alternative to a positivist theory of knowledge and to logical empiricism, both trends being represented there in the 1930s Istanbul by exiled philosophers (Hans Reichenbach and Ernst von Aster). After 1950, this reception and the exchanges with Germany increased, after German professors (Heinz Heimsoeth, Joachim Ritter) had settled in Istanbul. Those who mostly embodied academic philosophy in Turkey were, at that time, Takiyettin Mengüşoğlu (ontological anthropology), Macit Gökberk and Bedia Akarsu (language and civilization philosophy).