Spatio-temporal dynamic self-assembly of microhydrogels based on nonequilibrium

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Self-assembled systems usually use a process of transition to an equilibrium stable state. In this case, only stable and homogeneous structures such as crystal structures can be constructed in a controlled manner. On the other hand, by this mechanism, complex and autonomous systems such as living systems cannot be constructed. In this study, we contributed to the development of a novel method to build up microstructures based on self-organization as dynamic self-assembly like living systems. In this method, nanometer-sized molecular reactions and micro/millimeter-sized structures are controlled under nonequilibrium condition.