Coins from a Greek colony: Money, Exchange and Identity in Olbia Pontike from the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic period

本研究项目的重点是研究货币的发展，生产和使用的硬币在希腊殖民地奥尔比亚庞蒂克从古希腊到早期希腊化时期，第一次涉及到希腊殖民的更广泛的背景。该项目旨在采用跨学科的方法，从而在冶金试点研究的框架内，将法兰克福歌德大学在黑海考古学和古钱币学领域的核心能力与我们在波鸿采矿博物馆/Bergbaumberten的同事们公认的专业知识建设性地结合起来。所选择的时间框架提供了调查的货币经济的希腊政体的殖民化和巩固阶段之间的边界与最初的外国本土文化，随着时间的推移变得越来越熟悉的基础。在这种情况下，一般和具体的特点cocolia在奥尔比亚可以作为例子和指标的涵化过程中的接触区，在同一时间提供了一个基础上，与更遥远的地区，是其他希腊殖民者的重点跨区域比较。 提交的项目，其组织是紧密结合到一个已经存在的德国-乌克兰DFG研究项目，是基于三个主要支柱：首先，调查的重点将是希腊殖民地的货币发展在其本土环境。尤其是公元前6 - 5世纪的北方黑海地区与货币时代以前的支付手段，即箭头和海豚币的生产和使用，提供了一个理想的基础。与此有着明显相似之处的是大格拉西亚，在那里，铜合金物品作为原始货币支付手段的使用以类似的形式得到了证实（aes rude）。这些特点的起源硬币流通在不同地区的殖民地是验证与文化的具体现象的希腊殖民努力。第二个实质性的重点是，奥尔比亚作为一个远离家乡的Apoikia，是否采用了一种完全适应当地条件的货币制度，或者它是否试图使其制度与爱琴海的主要重量标准相一致。首先，对计量学，图像学和北庞蒂地区金属资源的基础调查将是至关重要的，其结果将再次与希腊殖民地的背景相关并重新评估。第三个也是最后一个重点是将奥尔比亚硬币系统具体嵌入到地方，区域和超区域背景中。基本问题，例如，组织当地硬币流通，重量标准，特别是“外国”发展对货物和金融资源在奥尔比亚转移的影响，将在最后的综合讨论。

This research project focuses on examining the monetary development, production and use of coins in the Greek colony Olbia Pontike from the Archaic to Early Hellenistic period, for the first time relating to the broader context of Greek colonization. The project is intended to have an interdisciplinary approach, thereby constructively combining the core competences at Frankfurt Goethe-University in the fields of Black Sea archaeology and ancient numismatics with the proven expert knowledge of our colleagues at the mining museum/Bergbaumuseum in Bochum, within the framework of a metallurgical pilot study. The chosen chronological frame provides the basis for investigating the monetary economy of a Greek polity between phases of colonisation and consolidation at the border with an initially foreign indigenous culture that became more and more familiar over time. In this context, the general and specific characteristics of coinage in Olbia may serve as examples and indicators of acculturation processes within a contact zone, at the same time providing a basis for a supra-regional comparison with more distant regions that were the focus of other Greek colonists. The submitted project, the organisation of which is closely integrated into an already existing German-Ukrainian DFG research project, is based on three main pillars: initially, the focus of investigation will be on the monetary development of Greek colonies within their indigenous contexts. Here in particular, the northern Black Sea region in the 6th/5th century B.C., with the production and use of pre-monetary means of payment, i.e. arrowheads and dolphin coins, offers an ideal basis. Remarkably clear parallels can be drawn to the Magna Graecia, where the use of copper-alloy objects as proto-monetary means of payment is attested in analogous form (aes rude). These characteristics of the origins of coin circulation in different areas of colonization are to be verified in relation to culture-specific phenomena of Greek colonization efforts. The second substantive emphasis is on the question of whether Olbia, as an Apoikia far away from home, employed a monetary system that was completely adapted to the local conditions or whether it attempted to align its system with the main Aegean weight standards. In the first place, basic investigations on metrology, iconography and the metal resources in the North Pontic region will be paramount, and the results will once more be related to the context of Greek colonization and re-evaluated. The third and last focus refers to specifically embedding the Olbian coin system into local, regional and supra-regional contexts. Fundamental issues, such as, for example, the organisation of the local coin circulation, the weight standards and particularly the influence of 'foreign' developments of coinage on the transfer of goods and financial resources in Olbia, will be discussed in the final synthesis.