Greek-Italic Relations and Indigenous Identity in the Archaeological Record and Numismatic Imagery of Sicily and Magna Graecia

西西里岛和大希腊的考古记录和钱币图像中的希腊-意大利关系和土著身份

• 批准号: 2877256
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2877256
• 关键词: Greek; Italic; Relations; Indigenous; Identity

Through an analysis of the archaeological evidence with a particular focus on the coinage, this project examines the connection between indigenous culture and the Greek-derived imagery on coins produced in the fifth - third centuries BCE by the South Italian and Sicilian indigenous groups.One of the most fascinating features of indigenous coinage is the implementation of imagery which first featured on coins issued by Greek poleis. These typological similarities are especially unusual as numismatic iconography is broadly regarded as conveying local civic identity and political autonomy. This raises questions as to why the indigenous groups copied Greek imagery. To address this and broader questions of indigenous identity and Greek-indigenous relations, this project offers an interdisciplinary study combining archaeology and numismatics. The primary research questions are:1. Does the material record at indigenous sites indicate a relationship between the issuing context and coin image produced?2. Is there a relationship between the indigenous use of Greek-derived imagery and Greek influence in non-numismatic contexts? 3. How do the Greek-derived types express indigenous identity and/or political autonomy?While studies recognise that the similarities between Greek and indigenous coins indicate a connection between the respective centres (Rutter 1979; Malkin 1987), this connection is often viewed as signifying the indigenous settlement's "Greek leanings" or "sphere of influence" of the Greek city from which the imagery was derived (Lomas 1995; Small and Small 2022).Coin catalogues like Historia Numorum - Italy (Rutter 2001), confirm that different indigenous groups across South Italy and Sicily employed Greek-derived imagery and sourced this imagery from multiple Greek cities. This underscores that the indigenous practice of adopting Greek iconography was pervasive. Therefore the practice cannot be explained by analysis of a singular "tribe" and/or a limited period. Thus, this project will undertake a regional study, examining an extended timeframe and drawing upon recent archaeological studies.Archaeological research offers invaluable insights into the indigenous adoption of Greek items and practices. Studies show that Greek ritual practices were adopted for worshiping indigenous deities and Greek manufactured objects were favoured by the indigenous elite in the context of aggrandisement (Fracchia and Gualtieri 1989; Morgan 2009). Current explanations for the indigenous use of Greek-derived imagery overlook such insights, accentuating the need for a study that incorporates the material record and the numismatic data.To obtain a regional cross-section, each chapter of this dissertation will address a territory (e.g., Campania) surveying the inhabitants, coinage, and broader archaeological studies (e.g., Horsnæs 2002). Each chapter will also feature at least one detailed case study, selected on the basis that the site has been excavated and its coinage shows Greek influence. Examples include Arpi (Apulia), Petelia (Bruttium), and the Elymian settlement at Segesta. Case studies will also be undertaken on cities like Paestum, a Greek city that issued coinage under indigenous control. To incorporate sites that produced limited coinage and/or have not been subject to detailed excavation (like Baletium), this project will survey the entirety of obverse and reverse imagery issued by the indigenous centres where Greek derived imagery was implemented. This survey will identify territorial, Greek-indigenous, and inter-indigenous trends while exploring the likely possibility that indigenous iconography represents an unrecognised category of numismatic imagery.By uniting archaeology and numismatics, this project will contribute to a better contextualisation of the indigenous use of Greek imagery. In doing so, it will provide the missing piece in understanding Greek-indigenous cultural networks, social relations, and ind

通过对考古证据的分析，特别是对硬币的分析，该项目研究了土著文化与公元前5 - 3世纪由南意大利和西西里土著群体制作的硬币上希腊衍生图像之间的联系。土著硬币最迷人的特征之一是希腊城邦发行的硬币上首次出现的图像。这些类型学上的相似之处是特别不寻常的，因为钱币学图像被广泛认为是传达当地公民身份和政治自治。这就引起了为什么土著群体复制希腊图像的问题。为了解决这一问题以及土著身份和希腊土著关系的更广泛问题，该项目提供了一个结合考古学和钱币学的跨学科研究。主要研究问题是：1.土著遗址的材料记录是否表明发行环境与硬币图像之间的关系？2.在非钱币学背景下，希腊衍生图像的本土使用与希腊的影响之间是否存在关系？3.希腊衍生的类型如何表达土著身份和/或政治自治？虽然研究承认希腊和土著硬币之间的相似性表明各自中心之间的联系（Rutter 1979; Malkin 1987），这种联系通常被视为象征着土著居民的“希腊倾向”或希腊城市的“影响范围”，（Lomas，1995; Small and Small，2022）《数字历史-意大利》（Historia Numorum，Rutter，2001）等硬币目录证实，意大利南部和西西里的不同土著群体使用了源自希腊的图像，并将这些图像来源于多个希腊城市。这突出表明，采用希腊肖像的土著做法很普遍。因此，这种做法不能通过分析一个单一的“部落”和/或一个有限的时期来解释。因此，该项目将进行一项区域研究，审查一个较长的时间范围，并借鉴最近的考古研究，考古研究为土著人采用希腊物品和习俗提供了宝贵的见解。研究表明，希腊的仪式习俗被用来崇拜土著神灵，希腊制造的物品在扩大规模的背景下受到土著精英的青睐（Fracchia和瓜尔蒂耶里，1989年; Morgan，2009年）。目前对希腊衍生图像的土著使用的解释忽视了这种见解，强调了将物质记录和钱币学数据相结合的研究的必要性。为了获得区域横截面，本论文的每一章将讨论一个领土（例如，坎帕尼亚）调查的居民，coconut，和更广泛的考古研究（例如，Horsnæs 2002）。每一章还将至少有一个详细的案例研究，选择的基础上，该网站已被挖掘，其coconut显示希腊的影响。例子包括Arpi（阿普利亚），Petelia（Bruttium）和Elymian定居在Segesta。还将对帕埃斯图姆等城市进行案例研究，帕埃斯图姆是一座在土著控制下发行硬币的希腊城市。为了纳入产生有限的复制品和/或未经详细挖掘的遗址（如Baletium），该项目将调查实施希腊衍生图像的土著中心发布的正面和反面图像的全部。本次调查将确定领土，希腊土著，和土著人之间的趋势，同时探索可能的可能性，土著图像代表一个未被认可的钱币图像类别。通过结合考古学和钱币学，这个项目将有助于更好地使用希腊图像的土著语境。在这样做的过程中，它将提供理解希腊土著文化网络，社会关系和文化的缺失部分。