The organic phase in dinosaur eggshell: analysis, models of preservation, and implications for the evolution of bird reproduction
恐龙蛋壳中的有机相:分析、保存模型以及对鸟类繁殖进化的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:396768613
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Units
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
It has long been recognized that in addition to their shape, eggs and eggshells also preserve their histological structure, giving rise to the field of eggshell paleohistology. Eggshell is a biocomposite material just like bone, but it is mineralized to a much higher degree. In addition, eggshell represents a more promising matrix for the preservation of endogenous biomolecules than bone because it is less affected by dissolution-remineralization processes during fossilization. This stable, crystalline matrix contains minor amounts of organic constituents, the organic phase (OP), which plays a role in embryo development, strengthening of the eggshell, and egg coloration. Composite systems of biominerals and organic constituents are known to form a local chemical environment that allows the almost unmodified preservation of its organic constituents over geological time. The applicants tested this assumption on eggshell color pigments in fossilized dinosaur eggs. Based on the extensive fossil eggshell collections and fruitful Chinese collaborations of the Steinmann Institute, we detected fossil egg pigments successfully and in significant amounts for the first time. Key to these discoveries were the shared expertise from the fields of natural product and metabolite extraction from biological matrices (lab of Prof. Christa Müller) and organochemical high-end analytical techniques (lab of Dr. Marianne Engeser), e.g., liquid chromatography (HPLC) ESI Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Specifically, we detected the eggshell metabolites biliverdin and protoporphyrin in eggs of the oviraptorid dinosaur Heyuanni huangi. These compounds color bird eggs, serving in detection of parasitism and in egg crypsis. Because the uterine de novo synthesis of such pigments and their incorporation into eggshell was believed to be restricted to extant birds, this research has important evolutionary implications, including aspects of sensory and behavioral ecology. The general goal of the proposed project is thus to understand the material nature of dinosaur and Mesozoic bird eggshell. The focus will be on the organic phase (which remains largely unstudied as opposed to the mineral phase), exploring the range of biomolecular preservation in eggshell. From a theoretical point of view, eggshell offers an ideal matrix for biomolecular preservation, corroborated by our preliminary work. In addition, the eggshell pigments are cyclic or linear tetrapyrroles that form a stable class of molecules. We intend not only to detect, locate, and identify degradation products of preserved pigments, but there is potential for the preservation of the protein compounds that build up the squamatic scaffold in eggshell. Our research is set against the background of the evolution of avian reproductive traits for which a refined understanding of the fossil egg record is crucial.
人们早就认识到,鸡蛋和蛋壳除了形状外,还保存着它们的组织结构,从而产生了蛋壳古组织学领域。蛋壳是一种像骨头一样的生物复合材料,但它的矿化程度要高得多。此外,蛋壳是一种比骨骼更有希望保存内源性生物分子的基质,因为它在石化过程中受溶解-再矿化过程的影响较小。这种稳定的结晶基质含有少量的有机成分,即有机相(OP),它在胚胎发育、蛋壳强化和鸡蛋着色中起作用。已知生物矿物和有机成分的复合系统形成了一个局部化学环境,允许其有机成分在地质时间内几乎不变地保存。申请者用恐龙蛋化石中的蛋壳色素来验证这一假设。基于大量的蛋壳化石收集和斯坦曼研究所的中国合作成果,我们首次成功地检测到了大量的蛋壳化石色素。这些发现的关键是来自生物基质中天然产物和代谢物提取领域的共同专业知识(Christa m<e:1> ller教授实验室)和有机化学高端分析技术(Marianne Engeser博士实验室),例如液相色谱(HPLC) ESI Q-TOF质谱。具体来说,我们在河源尼黄龙的蛋中检测了蛋壳代谢产物胆绿素和原卟啉。这些化合物给鸟蛋上色,用于检测寄生和卵隐化。由于这些色素的子宫新生合成及其融入蛋壳被认为仅限于现存鸟类,因此该研究具有重要的进化意义,包括感觉和行为生态学方面。因此,本项目的总体目标是了解恐龙和中生代鸟类蛋壳的物质性质。重点将放在有机阶段(相对于矿物阶段,有机阶段在很大程度上仍未被研究),探索蛋壳中生物分子保存的范围。从理论上讲,蛋壳是一种理想的生物分子保存基质,我们的初步工作证实了这一点。此外,蛋壳色素是环状或线性四吡咯,形成一类稳定的分子。我们不仅打算检测、定位和鉴定保存色素的降解产物,而且有可能保存在蛋壳中构建鳞状支架的蛋白质化合物。我们的研究是在鸟类生殖特征进化的背景下进行的,因此对化石蛋记录的精确理解是至关重要的。
项目成果
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Privatdozentin Dr. Marianne Engeser其他文献
Privatdozentin Dr. Marianne Engeser的其他文献
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