The marine sector of the North German Basin and the Tornquist Zone: Structural evolution and fluid flow

该项目旨在重建和了解北德海盆海洋部分（波罗的海、斯卡格拉克和卡特加特海峡）以及欧洲最突出和最长的前阿尔卑斯构造线-托恩奎斯特区-的结构演变和相关的流体排出。托恩奎斯特带包括Sorgenfrei-Tornquist带和Teisseyre-Tornquist带，它们都代表了前寒武纪波罗的海地盾向加里东-华力西欧洲的过渡区，主要目的是：1）量化自Rotliegend以来的构造变形，2）研究冰荷载引起的构造作用，3）重新评估北德盆地的盐构造，4）研究北德盆地的盐构造。（4）中、古生界烃源岩与储集岩中海底流体的定向逃逸。2）随着中更新世冰期的开始，差异冰荷载引起的构造活动重新激活，继承并产生新的断裂系统，部分穿透现今海底; 3）重力滑动是控制北德盆地北缘盐变形的主要过程; 4）研究区含油气系统部分渗漏。这些目标将通过地球物理和地质方法来实现。唯一核心数据集包括ca。2016年收集了2500 km（3500 km中）的反射地震数据，使用2700 km长的拖缆和8个GI枪作为波罗的海的震源。30 m的短初始偏移允许第一次，尽管从古生代地层到海底的浅水深度无间隙地下成像。将创建具有无与伦比的分辨率的深度剖面，使我们能够进行准确的断层滑动分析。在此基础上，我们将恢复平衡的部分，这是必要的解开和量化背后观察到的结构变形的机制。通过对这两个地区的综合分析，探讨了斯卡格拉克和卡特加特地区托恩奎斯特带西北端的构造-地层演化。在自己的研究考察期间收集了1000 km的工业地震数据和3.200 km的反射地震数据。我们将在> 30.000 km的仅对上千米成像的老式数据的背景下解释新的地震数据。以前的地球物理和地球化学研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明海底的流体逸出来自源岩和储集岩。将通过AVO方法和其他地震属性对流体运移路径进行成像，并区分流体和岩性特性。我们假设我们的研究结果也适用于邻近的内陆地区。

This project aims at reconstructing and understanding the structural evolution and related fluid expulsion in the marine sector (Baltic, Skagerrak and Kattegat) of the North German Basin and the most prominent and longest pre-Alpine tectonic lineament of Europe, the Tornquist Zone. The Tornquist Zone includes the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist and the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zones, both representing the transition area from the Precambrian Baltic Shield to the Caledonian-Variscan Europe.The major objectives are: 1) quantifying structural deformation since the Rotliegend to recent; 2) investigating ice-load induced tectonism; 3) re-assessing salt tectonics in the North German Basin; and 4) exploring sea floor directed fluid escape from Mesozoic and Paleozoic source and reservoir rocks.The related hypotheses are: 1) inversion tectonics lasts until today; 2) with the onset of glacial periods in the middle Pleistocene differential ice load induced tectonism reactivated inherited and created new fault systems, which partly pierce the present day seafloor; 3) gravity gliding was the dominant process that controlled salt deformation along the northern margin of the North German Basin; 4) that the petroleum system in the study area is partly leaky. The goals will be achieved by geophysical and geological methods. The unique core data set comprises ca. 2500 (out of 3500) km of reflection seismic data collected in 2016 with a 2700 km long streamer and eight GI-Guns as seismic source in the Baltic Sea. The short initial offset of 30 m allows for the very first time and in spite of the shallow water depth gapless subsurface imaging from Paleozoic strata up to the seafloor. Depth section with yet unparalleled resolution will be created, enabling us for an accurate fault slip analysis. Based on that we will restore balanced sections, which is necessary to unravel and quantify the mechanisms behind observed structural deformation. The tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the north-western end of the Tornquist Zone in the Skagerrak and Kattegat will be addressed by the integrated analyses of both ca. 1000 km of industrial and 3.200 km reflection seismic data collected during own research expeditions.We will interpret the new seismic data in the context of > 30.000 km of vintage data that image the upper kilometer only. Previous geophysical and geochemical studies provided compelling evidence that fluids escape on the seafloor origin from source and reservoir rocks. Fluid migration paths will be imaged and fluid and lithology properties will be distinguished by AVO-methods and other seismic attributes. We assume that our findings will be applicable also for the adjacent hinterland.