Between Forced Labor and Racial Policies: Children of Female Slave Laborers from Eastern Europe and Forced Abortions in National Socialism

强迫劳动与种族政策之间：东欧女奴劳工的子女与国家社会主义中的强迫堕胎

• 批准号: 397505968
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Isabel Heinemann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neueste Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/397505968?language=en
• 关键词: Between; Forced; Labor; Racial; Policies

Researching the fate of children born to slave laborers from Poland or the Soviet Union in NS-Germany and the occupied regions during the Second World War, the proposed project addresses the crucial relation between labor force exploitation and racial policies. Children deemed of lesser racial value by SS racial experts were singled out by patrons and members of the labor administration, separated from their mothers/parents and sent to so called homes for non-german children (Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten). There, most of the infants died due to neglect, lack of nutrition and dire conditions. Also, German authorities sought to foster forced abortions on slave laborers to prevent the birth of further racially unwanted offspring. Racially wanted newborns, however, were placed in German childrens homes under care of the National Socialist Welfare Organization (NSV) or of the SS-association Lebensborn e.V.. Following the intentions of SS-chief Heinrich Himmler, they were to be educated into proper Germans. While Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten as well as the race exams performed on pregnant slave laborers and the ensuing forced abortions (often late-term abortions up to the 7th month of pregnancy) addressed a central element of NS extermination policies, deeply rooted in ideology, policies, and war economy, only a few regional studies have so far dealt with the topic. The current proposal thus seeks to develop a new perspective on the fate of those Polish and Soviet children and their mothers. Investigating these marginalized victims of NS racial and exploitation policies for the first time in a comprehensive manner, the project will significantly contribute to the history of gender policies and everyday-life under National Socialism, especially regarding the history of reproductive decision-making in a dictatorship that inflicted all sorts of coercive measures on those considered unwanted. New sources available through the International Tracing Services (Bad Arolsen) and discovered in largely un-researched court files from British war crimes trials and Polish investigations on the fate of stolen children (London, Washington, Warsaw) provide a unique starting point for an investigation of those policies in the later British occupation zone (North-Western Germany). Specific emphasis is placed upon the negotiation processes between racial policies on the one hand side and economic considerations on the other, taking into account the institutions, places, victims and perpetrators involved.

该项目研究了第二次世界大战期间来自波兰或苏联的奴隶劳工在新斯科舍省德国和被占领地区所生的孩子的命运，探讨了劳动力剥削与种族政策之间的重要关系。党卫军种族专家认为种族价值较低的儿童被资助者和劳动行政部门的成员挑选出来，与他们的母亲/父母分开，并被送往所谓的非德国儿童之家（Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten）。在那里，大多数婴儿因忽视、缺乏营养和恶劣的条件而死亡。此外，德国当局还试图促进对奴隶劳工的强制堕胎，以防止出生更多种族不受欢迎的后代。然而，种族通缉的新生儿则被安置在由国家社会主义福利组织（NSV）或党卫军协会 Lebensborn e.V. 照顾的德国儿童之家。按照党卫军头目海因里希·希姆莱的意图，他们将接受教育，成为真正的德国人。虽然 Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätten 以及对怀孕奴隶劳工进行的种族考试和随后的强迫堕胎（通常是妊娠第 7 个月之前的晚期堕胎）探讨了深深植根于意识形态、政策和战时经济的国民服役灭绝政策的核心要素，但迄今为止只有少数区域研究涉及该主题。因此，当前的提案旨在对这些波兰和苏联儿童及其母亲的命运提出新的看法。该项目首次全面调查国家社会主义种族和剥削政策的边缘化受害者，将对国家社会主义下性别政策和日常生活的历史做出重大贡献，特别是关于独裁政权对那些被认为不受欢迎的人施加各种强制措施的生育决策的历史。通过国际寻人服务（巴特阿罗尔森）获得的新资料以及在英国战争罪审判和波兰对被盗儿童命运的调查（伦敦、华盛顿、华沙）中大部分未经研究的法庭档案中发现的资料，为调查后来的英国占领区（德国西北部）的这些政策提供了独特的起点。特别强调一方面是种族政策，另一方面是经济考虑之间的谈判过程，同时考虑到所涉及的机构、地点、受害者和肇事者。