NMR and IR-imaging of mass transfer during rehydroxylation of fired clays for rationalizing a novel dating concept of antique artefacts

烧制粘土再羟基化过程中传质的核磁共振和红外成像，以合理化古董文物的新颖约会概念

• 批准号: 407209881
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jürgen Haase
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/407209881?language=en
• 关键词: NMR; IR; imaging; mass; transfer

Irrespective of the groundbreaking progress initiated by the introduction of the C14 radio-carbon method, there are still substantial uncertainties in the dating of archaeological assemblages. They are caused by the "radiocarbon Plateaus" in the calibration curves, which, in some periods, give rise to uncertainties up to 300 years in the dating ranges, even with the high precision in radioactivity measurement. The option of a novel access to the dating of artefacts, based on recording the rehydroxylation of antique ceramics and totally independent from C14 dating, was therefore highly welcomed by the worldwide archaeologists’ community. This novel method is based on the observation that the mass of ceramics, after having been fired, increases in proportion to only the quartic (rather than the square) root of time. Such a time dependence (becoming increasingly weak with increasing time) would potentially allow determining the time when a given ceramic artefact has been produced, i.e. when, by firing, it has been transferred into the dehydroxylated state and has started the process of rehydroxylation. However, so far there does not exist any satisfactory model explaining this peculiar time dependence.Within the present project, we aim at the application of two well-proven techniques of material characterization for contributing to the exploration of the elementary mechanisms giving rise to this remarkable, highly retarded time dependence of rehydroxylation. With both techniques, notably with different modifications of NMR spectroscopy and with micro-imaging by IR microscopy, we have performed extensive investigations of numerous host-guest systems, including the observation of matter release and uptake just as to be as well observed during de- and rehydroxylation as the key phenomena of the problem under study. In a series of test experiments, we have been able to demonstrate that both techniques are applicable to the materials of interest within the given context and that, moreover, we thus indeed have access to the information necessary for the scheduled model considerations.In both the test experiments and the conception of our future work, we have relied on the suggestions and the advice by leading experts in the field, including the discoverers of the time anomaly, and by "ambassadors" bridging the gap between material sciences and archaeology.

尽管C14放射性碳方法的引入带来了突破性的进展，但考古组合的年代测定仍然存在很大的不确定性。它们是由校准曲线中的“放射性碳高原”引起的，在某些时期，即使放射性测量的精度很高，也会在测年范围内产生长达300年的不确定性。因此，基于记录古董陶瓷的再羟基化作用并完全独立于C14测年的新的人工制品测年方法的选择受到了全世界考古学家的高度欢迎。这种新颖的方法是基于这样的观察，即陶瓷的质量，在被烧制之后，仅与时间的四次方根（而不是平方根）成比例地增加。这种时间依赖性（随着时间的增加而变得越来越弱）将潜在地允许确定给定陶瓷人工制品已被生产的时间，即，通过烧制，其已被转移到脱羟基化状态并已开始再羟基化过程的时间。然而，到目前为止，还不存在任何令人满意的模型来解释这种特殊的时间dependency.Within本项目中，我们的目标是应用两个行之有效的材料表征技术，为探索的基本机制，引起这种显着的，高度滞后的时间依赖性的再羟基化。与这两种技术，特别是与不同的修改NMR光谱和显微成像的红外显微镜，我们已经进行了广泛的调查，许多主-客体系统，包括物质释放和吸收的观察，以及在去羟基化和再羟基化的关键现象的研究中的问题。在一系列测试实验中，我们已经能够证明这两种技术都适用于给定背景下的感兴趣材料，而且，此外，我们确实可以获得预定模型考虑所需的信息。在测试实验和我们未来工作的概念中，我们依赖于该领域领先专家的建议和意见，包括时间异常的发现者，以及弥合材料科学和考古学之间差距的“大使”。