The gender wage gap and the role of policy: Analyzing patterns over time, over the life cycle and across the wage distribution

性别工资差距和政策的作用：分析随时间、生命周期和工资分配的模式

• 批准号: 416447477
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter Haan
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/416447477?language=en
• 关键词: gender; wage; gap; role; policy

The gender wage gap is a persistent and pervasive phenomenon observable It has strong implications for a society since it is one main driver of inequality in a country. Therefore, there exists an active public debate and an important academic literature that describes and quantifies the gender wage gap, analyses the reasons for this gap and discusses potential policy reforms to reduce the gender wage gap. In this research project, we aim to extend this literature and to contribute to the policy debate in several dimensions. First, we will focus on the evolution of the gender wage gap in Germany over the last decades. Second, we focus on the gender wage gap over the lifecycle and how it is related to the presence of children. Finally, we will analyze how family policy affects the wages of mothers and the gender wage gap as a whole. One central focus of this project is on heterogeneity: in four different projects, we will analyze the gender wage gap not only for the population mean but for the whole wage distribution and for sub groups of specific interest.In Project 1, we focus on the evolution of the gender gap over time. So far, the vast majority of the literature analyzes the gender wage gap for the population mean. While this evidence is of central importance for the policy debate, the average effects might disguise important heterogeneous effects over the wage distributions. This is particularly important when focusing on the evolution of the gender wage gap over time since wage inequality has been increasing in many countries including Germany. Therefore, in the first part of this research project we will use administrative data to provide a detailed analysis of the evolution of the gender wage gap in Germany over the full income distribution controlling for selection into employment. In Project 2, we analyze the gender wage gap over the lifecycle. Previous literature has documented that the gender wage gap is strongly related to the presence of children. We also want to focus on the effect of children on the gender wage gap, however not only for the sample mean but based on administrative data we will also analyze if and how the effect of children varies over the wage distribution.Finally, we discuss in this project how policy can influence the gender gap. For the policy evaluation we will use reduced form evidence exploiting exogenous regional variation and a dynamic structural life cycle model. Previous literature has shown that employment interruptions, particularly long career breaks of mothers, have negative consequences on future earnings perspectives. We will concentrate on policies which reduce labor market frictions or costs of work such as the provision of child care or which increase working incentives for women.

性别工资差距是一个可以观察到的持久而普遍的现象，它对一个社会有很大的影响，因为它是一个国家不平等的主要驱动因素。因此，存在着一场积极的公共辩论和一份重要的学术文献，描述和量化了性别工资差距，分析了这种差距的原因，并讨论了可能的政策改革，以减少性别工资差距。在这个研究项目中，我们的目标是扩展这些文献，并在几个方面为政策辩论做出贡献。首先，我们将重点关注德国过去几十年来性别工资差距的演变。其次，我们关注整个生命周期中的性别工资差距，以及它与子女的存在之间的关系。最后，我们将分析家庭政策如何影响母亲的工资以及整体性别工资差距。本项目的一个核心重点是异质性：在四个不同的项目中，我们将分析性别工资差距，不仅是人口平均值，而且是整个工资分布和特定利益亚组。在项目1中，我们关注性别差距随时间的演变。到目前为止，绝大多数文献分析的是人口性别工资差距的均值。虽然这一证据对政策辩论至关重要，但平均效应可能掩盖了对工资分配的重要异质效应。这一点在关注两性工资差距随时间的演变时尤为重要，因为工资不平等在包括德国在内的许多国家一直在加剧。因此，在本研究项目的第一部分中，我们将使用行政数据详细分析德国在控制就业选择的全面收入分配中性别工资差距的演变。在项目2中，我们分析了生命周期中的性别工资差距。先前的文献证明，男女工资差距与有无子女密切相关。此外，我们还想关注儿童对男女工资差距的影响，但不仅是样本平均值，还将根据行政数据分析儿童的影响是否以及如何在工资分配中发生变化。最后，在本项目中，我们将讨论政策如何影响男女工资差距。对于政策评估，我们将使用简化形式的证据，利用外生区域变化和动态结构生命周期模型。 以前的文献表明，就业中断，特别是母亲的长期职业中断，对未来的收入前景产生负面影响。我们将把重点放在减少劳动力市场摩擦或工作成本（如提供儿童保育）或增加妇女工作激励的政策上。