Paradoxical Education – Resistance – Surviving.Secret teaching and children’s drawings in the Ravensbrück Women’s Concentration Camp

悖论教育→抵抗→生存。拉文斯布吕克妇女集中营的秘密教学和儿童画

• 批准号: 416725854
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Meike Baader
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Allgemeine Erziehungswissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/416725854?language=en
• 关键词: Paradoxical; Education; Resistance; Surviving.Secret; teaching

At the centre of the proposed project are two unpublished collections of source material from the Ravensbrück concentration camp: around 50 drawings by a fourteen-year-old girl, and around 12 teaching booklets providing material for a covertly organized form of teaching among the imprisoned Polish women. The drawings are probably connected with the teaching, and are likely to have been done – at least in part – in the children’s group. Both the drawings and the teaching materials, produced by the Polish women themselves, point to cultural practices and paradoxical processes of education. These will be analysed more closely within the framework of the project. So far most of what is known about teaching in concentration camps relates to the Theresienstadt camp; this project seeks to expand this knowledge by exploring forms of teaching in Ravensbrück, and to connect it with children’s cultural practices such as drawing pictures. The aim of the project is to give a nuanced description of these aspects of children’s lives/survival under the violent regime of the camp. The first step will be to systematically index the sources, the second to analyse them in their respective contexts, the third to link them with discourses in the history of childhood and of education, and the fourth to make them accessible to the public. A key concept here is that of “paradoxical education”, which links in with debates on “paradoxical educational conditions” in concentration camps (Brumlik 2014).The empirical part of the project works with approaches based on practice theory, from historical cultural studies and social sciences. These allow us not only to examine the textual and visual level, but also to reconstruct the specific conditions of creation, and women and children’s modes of reception, in the extreme conditions of a violent system. A particular focus here will be the interdisciplinary development of methods for analysing pictures that children have drawn under violent, extreme conditions. Thus the project will, on the one hand, produce specific multi-perspectival analyses of the sources, and, on the other hand, contribute to a relatively undeveloped area of historical childhood studies and educational research, by developing better methods for analysing drawings and created objects. A further dimension of the project has to do with the culture of remembrance: it explicitly reveals how the persecuted children and adults perceived the genocidal crimes, and interprets their cultural expressions and paradoxical educational processes as practices of resistance. At the same time, it provides material for pedagogical work on the culture of remembrance, by publishing the results of the project in an illustrated book and an edited volume, and thus making them accessible for further scholarly and pedagogical work.

该项目的核心是两个未出版的拉文斯布吕克集中营原始材料集：一个14岁女孩的大约50幅绘画，以及大约12本教学小册子，为被监禁的波兰妇女秘密组织的教学形式提供材料。这些图画可能与教学有关，而且很可能是在儿童小组中完成的--至少部分是这样。波兰妇女自己制作的绘画和教材都指出了文化习俗和自相矛盾的教育过程。将在项目框架内更仔细地分析这些问题。到目前为止，人们对集中营教学的了解大多与特莱西恩施塔特集中营有关;本项目旨在通过探索拉文斯布吕克的教学形式来扩大这方面的知识，并将其与儿童的文化实践（如绘画）联系起来。该项目的目的是对难民营暴力制度下儿童生活/生存的这些方面进行细致入微的描述。第一步将是系统地为这些资料编制索引，第二步是在其各自的背景下对它们进行分析，第三步是将它们与童年和教育史中的论述联系起来，第四步是使公众能够获得这些资料。这里的一个关键概念是“矛盾的教育”，它与集中营中“矛盾的教育条件”的辩论相联系（Brumlik 2014）。该项目的实证部分采用基于实践理论的方法，来自历史文化研究和社会科学。这使我们不仅能够在文本和视觉层面上进行考察，而且能够在暴力制度的极端条件下重建创造的具体条件以及妇女和儿童的接受方式。这里的一个特别重点将是跨学科发展的方法，分析儿童在暴力，极端条件下绘制的图片。因此，该项目一方面将产生具体的多视角分析的来源，另一方面，有助于历史童年研究和教育研究的一个相对欠发达的领域，通过开发更好的方法来分析图纸和创造的对象。该项目的另一个层面与纪念文化有关：它明确揭示了受迫害的儿童和成年人如何看待种族灭绝罪行，并将其文化表现形式和自相矛盾的教育过程解释为抵抗行为。与此同时，它还为纪念文化的教学工作提供了材料，将项目成果出版成一本图文并茂的书和一本编辑成册，从而使这些成果可用于进一步的学术和教学工作。