Hate speech – a school problem? A combined student and teacher study on the relevance, frequency, and determinants of the hate speech phenomenon in schools and how to deal with it

仇恨言论——学校问题？

• 批准号: 418263510
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ludwig Bilz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Erziehungs- und Sozialisationstheorie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/418263510?language=en
• 关键词: Hate; speech; problem; combined; student

Hate speech has become a societal and educational challenge that even schools can no longer ignore. Approximately 90% of adolescents have already experienced hatred on the Internet (state media authority of Nord Rhine-Westphalia 2017). Although hatred directed at certain groups is nothing new – e.g. due to their origin, skin colour or sexual orientation – it has clearly reached a new dimension as an everyday phenomenon. Schools and their educational mission face a double challenge: On the one hand, hate speech is not just an online phenomenon, it can also affect coexistence at school. On the other hand, as a democracy-fostering authority, schools are predestined to counter hate speech by teaching appropriate skills. However, there is still a lack of well-founded knowledge about hate speech among school pupils and about the role of teachers.This is where the project comes in, exploring hate speech from a pupil and teacher perspective for the first time. The objective is to investigate this phenomenon – which has received a great deal of media attention – in a school environment. We understand hate speech as a communicative form of expression with a message (e.g. writing, speaking, videos) that purposely promotes, justifies or disseminates the exclusion, contempt, and devaluation of certain groups of the population, thus violating, diminishing or humiliating them in a discriminatory manner with respect to their dignity. The study will focus on the relevance, frequency, and determinants of hate speech in schools as well as how this is dealt with. This includes the question of the specificity of hate speech and how it differs from related phenomena such as verbal violence or cyberbullying.The project includes a qualitative preliminary study, a tablet-based quantitative and experimental study of pupils and a questionnaire survey of teachers. The purpose of the preliminary study is to take stock of the forms of hate speech and reaction patterns common among pupils. The instruments developed on this basis are to be used in the main study with around 2,000 pupils in years seven to nine and 450 teachers at 18 schools in Berlin and Brandenburg. The focus will be on the intrapersonal, interpersonal and contextual determinants of involvement and responses to hate speech from a perspective of pupils and teachers. The experimental study serves to investigate the influence of teachers on how pupils deal with hate speech.The project closes gaps in research on violence, discrimination, and prejudice. It is also intended to facilitate the development of school-based approaches to intervention and prevention, thereby promoting democratic coexistence in a pluralistic society.

仇恨言论已经成为一个社会和教育挑战，甚至学校也不能再忽视。大约90%的青少年已经在互联网上经历过仇恨（诺德莱茵-威斯特法伦州国家媒体机构，2017年）。虽然针对某些群体的仇恨并不是什么新鲜事-例如，由于他们的出身、肤色或性取向-但它显然已经达到了一个新的层面，成为一种日常现象。学校及其教育使命面临双重挑战：一方面，仇恨言论不仅仅是一种网络现象，它还可能影响学校的共存。另一方面，作为促进民主的权威机构，学校注定要通过教授适当的技能来打击仇恨言论。然而，对学校学生的仇恨言论和教师的作用仍然缺乏有根据的知识，这就是该项目的用武之地，它首次从学生和教师的角度探讨仇恨言论。其目的是在学校环境中调查这一现象-这一现象受到媒体的极大关注。我们将仇恨言论理解为一种表达形式，其信息（如文字、讲话、视频）故意促进、证明或传播对人口中某些群体的排斥、蔑视和贬低，从而以歧视性方式侵犯、贬低或羞辱他们的尊严。这项研究将侧重于学校仇恨言论的相关性、频率和决定因素，以及如何处理。这包括仇恨言论的特殊性及其与言语暴力或网络欺凌等相关现象有何不同的问题，该项目包括一项定性初步研究、一项基于平板电脑的学生定量和实验研究以及一项教师问卷调查。初步研究的目的是评估学生中常见的仇恨言论形式和反应模式。在此基础上开发的工具将用于主要研究，对象是柏林和勃兰登堡18所学校的约2 000名7至9年级学生和450名教师。重点将是从学生和教师的角度探讨参与和应对仇恨言论的个人、人际和背景决定因素。该实验研究旨在调查教师对学生如何处理仇恨言论的影响，该项目填补了暴力、歧视和偏见研究方面的空白。它还旨在促进制定以学校为基础的干预和预防办法，从而促进多元社会中的民主共存。