Reconstruction of the Module Structure of Cerebellum in Vitro

大脑由神经元和神经胶质细胞组成，其结构与其功能密切相关。理解大脑的功能是很重要的它是如何发展其形态的。原位发育阶段的顺序已被广泛研究，但动力学过程仍不清楚。在未成熟的小脑中，外层的颗粒细胞向形成内部颗粒层的浦肯野细胞迁移。颗粒细胞轴突双向延伸，形成与浦肯野细胞、篮状细胞和星形细胞树突垂直连接的平行纤维。结果表明，颗粒细胞从外层向内迁移需要与伯格曼胶质细胞相互作用。培养方法对阐明小脑组织的动态有很大的帮助，而小脑体外培养的标准化方法尚未建立。一般来说，为了在系统中组织某种秩序，有必要对系统施加一些约束。因此，我们开发了一种新的培养方法来分化小脑，对培养组织施加了时空限制，虽然小脑在组织中不能达到完全成熟的结构，但我们的方法有几个优点，可以评估小脑特定水平细胞组织的功能，特别是在体外可以观察到小脑中各种皮层神经元的原位发育和相互关系的保存。目前，我们正在进一步研究其分化和发展的机制。

The brain is made up of the neurons and glial cells, of which the architecture is closely related to its function. It is important for understanding the function of the brain how it develops its morphology. The sequence of developmental stages in situ has been extensively studied while the dynamical processes are still remained obscure. In a immature cerebellum, the granule cells in the external layer migrate toward the Purkinje cells forming the internal granular layer. The granule cells extend their axons bidirectionally, resulting in the form of parallel fibers perpendicularly connected with the dendrites of Purkinje cells, the basket cells and the astrocyto. It was shown that the migration of the granule cells from the external layer to the inward direction required the interaction with the Bergmann glia.The culture method is great useful to clarify the dynamics of the organization of cerebellum, while a standardized method of the cerebellar cultures in vitro has not been established yet. Generally, in order to organize some order in a system, it is necessary to force some constraints on the system. So that we have developed a new culture method to differentiate the cerebellum, imposing spatio-temporal constraints on the culture tissue, Although the cerebellum in tissue can not attain a fully mature architecture, our method has several advantages to evaluate the function of a particular level of cellular organization of cerebellum, Especially, all kinds of cortical neurons in cerebellum in situ can be observed in vitro developing and preserving their interrelationship among them, Now we are further investigating the mechanism of the differentiation and development.