权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Study on the Time and Route the Introduction of Cattle and Horses into Japan, as Examined from Skeletal Remains of Archaeological Sites.

从考古遗址的骨骼遗骸考察牛和马传入日本的时间和路线。

基本信息

批准号：
01490018
负责人：
NISHINAKAGAWA Hayao
金额：
$ 4.16万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

With the view of elucidating the time and the route of the introduction of cattle and horses into our country, their remains excavated from the archaeological sites were investigated nation-widely and their excavated bones and teeth were macroscopically and morphometrically examined comparatively with native cattle and horses. The results obtained were as follows :1) Excavational investigations have been made according to the reports from To, Do, Fu and Prefectures, archaeological literatures and field surveys. Bovine excavation detected at 213 nation-wide sites with a predominance of the Kyushu and Kanto districts, and equine excavation, at 475 sites with similar predominance. Chronologically, both bovine and equine excavations occurred most from the medieval ages, followed by Heian, Kofun and Nara Periods. Although excavations prior to the Yayoi Period have been reported, the bovine skull excavated from the Isarago Shell Mound (Mid-Yayoi Period) in Tokyo-To has been oldest so far.2) … More Morphologically, excavated bones were similar to Mishima's and Kuchinoshima's for cattle and to Misaki's and Tokara's for horses (predominantly of 128cm in withers height and belonging to medium-sized ones).3) Harness excavations, which have been investigated centrally into the Kofun Period, detected at 1,265 nation-wide sites, and regionally, most from the Kyushu district (368 sites), followed by the Kanto, Kinki and Chugoku districts. Chronologically, harness appeared as sub-burial goods in the Kofun at the beginning of the 4th and 5th centuries and was widely distributed in the 5th century, but was markedly decreased in excavation with a decrease in the Kofun in the 7th century.4) Excavations of equine clay image occurred at 297 nation-wide sites with overwhelming predominance of the Kanto district (170 sites), followed by the Kinki and Kyushu districts, and chronologically, appeared from about the end of the 5th century and were plastically most substantial in the 6th century. Clay horses regarded as available for one's memory were excavated most from the Nara and Heian Periods (328 of 589 nation-wide sites) and especially, frequently from ancient cities such as Heijokyo and Heiankyo.The above results of investigation suggest that cattle and horses had been introduced into Japan via the Korean Peninsula from the Yayoi Period on and bred by the then people. Less

为了弄清牛、马传入我国的时间和路线，对各考古遗址出土的牛、马遗骸进行了全国范围的调查，并对出土的牛、马的骨骼和牙齿进行了宏观和形态计量学的比较研究。研究结果如下：1)根据土、都、府、州等地的报告、考古文献和实地调查，进行了发掘调查。在全国213个遗址中发现了牛的挖掘，以九州和关东地区为优势，在475个遗址中发现了马的挖掘，具有类似的优势。从年代上看，牛和马的发掘大多发生在中世纪，其次是平安时代、古坟时代和奈良时代。虽然有报道称弥生时代之前的挖掘，但在东京的伊萨拉戈贝壳丘（弥生时代中期）出土的牛头骨是迄今为止最古老的。形态学上，出土的牛骨与三岛和久之岛的牛骨相似，与Misaki和Tokara的马骨相似（主要是128厘米高的马，属于中型马）。3)以古坟时代为中心进行调查的古坟出土，在全国1265处，从地区来看，九州地区最多（368处），关东地区、近畿地区、中部地区次之。从年代上看，马具在4、5世纪初作为古坟的陪葬品出现，在5世纪广泛分布，但随着7世纪古坟的减少，在发掘中明显减少。4)全国共有297处遗址出土马泥塑像，其中关东地区（170处）占绝大多数，其次是近畿地区和九州地区。从时间上看，马泥塑像出现于5世纪末左右，在6世纪最为丰富。被认为可以用来记忆的泥马大部分出土于奈良和平安时期（全国589个遗址中有328个），尤其是在平洲桥和平安桥这样的古城。上述调查结果表明，牛和马从弥生时代开始通过朝鲜半岛传入日本，并由当时的人饲养。少