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A Study on Origin and Breeding of Wild Boar and Domesticated Pig Based on Skeletal Remains from Archaeological Sites in Japan.

基于日本考古遗址的野猪和家猪的起源和繁殖研究。

基本信息

批准号：
08459022
负责人：
NISHINAKAGAWA Hayao
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08459022/
关键词：
wild boar pig Jomon and Yayoi Periods skulls excavated bones osteometry second principal component cult 起源系統土製品儀礼骨格動物遺体装飾品遺体

项目摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate osteological differences between the wild boars and those excavated from the sites of Jomon and Yayoi Periods. A recent report described domesticated pig breeding in Yayoi Period aiming to clarify that the pigs were domesticated from wild boars in Japan or introduced from other countries. In this study, we aimed to elucidated the present status of excavation at sites of Jomon and Yayoi Periods in Kyushu district. To obtain basic data for identification of excavated bones, the skulls of present wild boars were osteometrically compared by age and by district and such comparison was also conducted between the wild boars and present pigs. In addition, some relics for cult and ritual related to wild boars were investigated as well as the excavated bones and the following results were observed.1. Wild boars have been excavated from 132 sites in Kyushu district including 96 Jomon sites and 36 Yayoi ones. These sites were mostly distributed in Kagos … More hima and Nagasaki Prefectures.2. he growth curve of wild boar was drawn and estimation formulae of bone length and sex discrimination were made based on the measurements of the cranium and the mandible from the present wild boars in Fukuoka, of which age was in a range from 6-month old to adult. For the wild boars in Age class Ib (12-month old or less), the size of male was larger than that of female at many cranial measuring items. The present size of skull was larger in the order the wild boars in Honshu, Kyushu and Amami districts, suggesting regional differences in their morphology. The size of a present pig termed as miniature pig was similar to that of wild boar, and Berkshire pig and Toen pig were also morphologically similar.3. The boars excavated from sites were much larger than those of the present wild boars and the porcine skulls excavated from Shimogori-Kuwanae site, etc. were larger than those of at present wild boars, but there was no difference between them in respect of the second principal component of morphology.4. Earthen products in the shape of wild boar were distributed in the wide area from Hokkaido to Kink district and earthenwares with various hunting designs have been discovered in Tohoku district mainly around Aomori Prefecture. These results suggest that people in Jomon Period might have used such earthen products as a tool for cult and ritual, etc. during hunting. Less

本研究旨在探讨绳文时代和弥生时代遗址出土的野猪与出土野猪的骨骼学差异。最近的一份报告描述了弥生时代的家猪养殖，旨在澄清猪是从日本野猪驯化的，还是从其他国家引进的。在这项研究中，我们的目的是阐明在九州地区绳文和弥生时代遗址的挖掘现状。为获得出土骨骼鉴定的基础资料，对现存野猪头骨进行了年龄和地区的骨测量比较，并与现存猪进行了比较。此外，还对与野猪有关的祭祀遗物和出土的野猪骨进行了调查，并得出以下结论.在九州地区的132个遗址中，包括96个绳文遗址和36个弥生遗址，已经挖掘出野猪。这些遗址主要分布在卡戈斯 ...更多信息 2.广岛县和长崎县。根据福冈县现有6月龄至成年野猪颅骨和下颌骨的测量结果，绘制了野猪的生长曲线，并建立了骨长估算公式和性别判别公式。Ib龄（12月龄以下）野猪的头部各测量项目中，雄性大于雌性。在本州、九州和奄美地区的野猪中，目前头骨的大小较大，这表明它们的形态存在区域差异。小型猪的体型与野猪相似，伯克希尔猪与图恩猪在形态上也相似.遗址出土的野猪比现存野猪大得多，下郡桑内遗址等出土的猪头骨比现存野猪大，但在形态学第二主成分上没有差异.从北海道到Kink地区广泛分布着野猪形状的土制产品，在东北地区主要以青森县为中心发现了各种狩猎图案的陶器。这些结果表明，绳纹时代的人们可能在狩猎时将这种土制产品用作祭祀和仪式等工具。少