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Studies on conservation and utilization of Kuchinoshima feral cattle as endangered animal genetic resources

口岛野牛濒危动物遗传资源保护与利用研究

基本信息

批准号：
12556045
负责人：
NISHINAKAGAWA Hayao
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present study was conducted to promote conservation and utilization of Kuchinoshima feral cattle (feral cattle for short) as endangered animal genetic resources from the standpoint of ecology, morphology, pathology, genetics, breeding, reproduction and beef productivity. Thirty-two to fifty-five head of feral cattle, which formed 3-5 groups at least comprising 3-5 individuals, were found in southeastern area of Kuchinoshima Island during 2000-2003. The measurements of the cranium and limb bones of fetal cattle were smaller than those of Japanese Black and Mishima cattle. The muscle fiber of feral cattle had higher density, smaller diameter and higher composition of type II fiber than those of Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. Survey of feral cattle and Japanese Black cattle in the island for endoparasites at the fecal examination and dissection of deceased 4 stray cattle for pathological inspection indicated that the both fauna of parasites were almost same circumstances and the cause of death were various, as insenescence, external injury, premature labor, however no specific pathogenesis was found. Rota virus and toxicogenic E. Coli were not detected from feces with diarrhea. The serum antibody titters for Adeno virus and infection diarrhea virus were negative, but these titters for Parainfluenza 3 virus and Corona virus were positive. An experiment, using biochemical and molecular marker (RFLP and AFLP), suggested that heterozygosity of the feral cattle was lower than those of other Japanese cattle breeds, and inbreeding the coefficient of inbreeding in feral cattle population. By employing several biotechnology techniques for the reproduction of feral cattle, the cryopreservation of spermatozoa, the production of transferable embryo and the birth of calves were feasible. The carcass grading of fattened feral cattle (2 steers) was medium.

本研究旨在从生态学、形态学、病理学、遗传学、育种、繁殖和产肉性能等方面促进作为濒危动物遗传资源的久之岛野牛（简称野牛）的保护和利用。2000 ~ 2003年在日本久之岛东南部地区共发现32 ~ 55头野牛，形成3- 5个群体，个体数3 -5头。胎牛颅骨和肢骨的测量值小于日本黑牛和三岛牛。与日本黑牛和荷斯坦牛相比，野生牛的肌纤维密度高，直径小，II型肌纤维成分高。通过对岛上野生牛和日本黑牛体内寄生虫的调查，并对4头死亡的流浪牛进行粪便检查和解剖病理检查，结果表明，两种牛体内寄生虫区系基本相同，死亡原因多种多样，如衰老、外伤、早产等，但未发现特异性致病机理。腹泻患者粪便中未检出大肠杆菌。腺病毒和感染性腹泻病毒的血清抗体滴度为阴性，而副流感病毒3型和冠状病毒的血清抗体滴度为阳性。利用生化标记和分子标记（RFLP和AFLP）的研究表明，野牛群体的杂合度低于日本其他牛种，近交影响了野牛群体的近交系数。采用多种生物技术对黄牛进行繁殖，精子冷冻保存、可移植胚胎的生产和犊牛的生产是可行的。肥育野牛（2头阉牛）的胴体等级为中等。