Development of Survey Methods for Human Tavel-Activity Analysis

为了准确预测出行需求，有必要明确人类出行活动计划决策的结构。本研究调查了影响人类活动的因素，并发展了人类出行活动分析的调查方法。首先，采用深度访谈的调查方法来了解人类出行活动计划行为。在该方法中，访谈者询问受访者在特定日期的旅行活动日程安排和执行情况，从而阐明他们进行活动的原因。其次，调查了利用活动日记了解人类旅行活动安排行为的调查方法。人类的活动日程不仅是事先安排好的，而且还会被迫意外改变。因此，为了弄清人们是否按照最理想的日程表进行活动，调查了特定日期的出行活动日程表的预先安排和执行情况，分析结果表明，特定日期提前四周的日程表与之前一周的日程表差异不大。然后，具有决定进度的重要作用的关键活动，能够逐日推定在一个月之前。此外，四周前预先安排的活动一般是约束性的重点活动，而自由安排的活动很少在一周前一天安排。

It is necessary to clarify the structure of decision making of human travel-activity schedule in order to forecast travel demand accurately. This study investigates the factors which affect human activities, and develops survey methods for human travel-activity analysis.Firstly, the survey method with the in-depth interview to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. In this method, the interviewer asks respondents about their prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day, so that the reason why they have performed their activities is clarified.Secondly, the survey method with the activity diary to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. Human activity schedules are not only arranged beforehand, but also forced to be altered unexpectedly. Therefore, in order to clarify whether people behave their activities according to the most desirable schedule, the survey method, by which both of prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day is obtained, is investigated.The results of analysis show that there is little difference between the schedule prearranged before four weeks by the specific day and that before one week by the day. Then, the key activities which have the important role of determining schedule, are able to -be presumed before one month by the day. Furthermore, the activities prearranged before four weeks are generally the constraint key activities, while few activities scheduled freely are arranged before one week by the day.