Development of Survey Methods for Human Tavel-Activity Analysis

为了准确地预测出行需求，有必要明确人类出行活动日程决策的结构。本研究通过对影响人类出行活动的因素进行调查研究，开发出适合人类出行活动分析的调查方法。首先，采用深度访谈的调查方法，对人类出行活动调度行为进行了研究。在该方法中，访问者询问被访者在特定日期的出行活动日程安排和执行情况，从而明确他们进行活动的原因。其次，研究了利用活动日记了解人类出行活动日程安排行为的调查方法。人类的活动时间表不仅事先安排好，而且还被迫意外地改变。因此，为了弄清人们是否按照最理想的时间表进行活动，本文采用了调查方法，对特定日期的出行活动时间表进行了预先安排和执行情况的调查，结果表明，按特定日期预先安排的时间表在四周前与按日期预先安排的时间表在一周前的差异不大。然后，对决定进度的关键活动，能够在一个月前按日进行预测。此外，四周前预先安排的活动一般是约束性的关键活动，而一周前按天安排的自由活动很少。

It is necessary to clarify the structure of decision making of human travel-activity schedule in order to forecast travel demand accurately. This study investigates the factors which affect human activities, and develops survey methods for human travel-activity analysis.Firstly, the survey method with the in-depth interview to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. In this method, the interviewer asks respondents about their prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day, so that the reason why they have performed their activities is clarified.Secondly, the survey method with the activity diary to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. Human activity schedules are not only arranged beforehand, but also forced to be altered unexpectedly. Therefore, in order to clarify whether people behave their activities according to the most desirable schedule, the survey method, by which both of prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day is obtained, is investigated.The results of analysis show that there is little difference between the schedule prearranged before four weeks by the specific day and that before one week by the day. Then, the key activities which have the important role of determining schedule, are able to -be presumed before one month by the day. Furthermore, the activities prearranged before four weeks are generally the constraint key activities, while few activities scheduled freely are arranged before one week by the day.