Development of Survey Methods for Human Tavel-Activity Analysis

为了准确预测旅游需求，有必要厘清人类旅游活动计划的决策结构。本研究探讨了影响人类活动的因素，并发展了人类旅行活动分析的调查方法。首先，研究了采用深度访谈的调查方法来了解人类出行活动计划行为。在这种方法中，采访者询问受访者在特定日期的旅行活动计划的预先安排和执行情况，从而明确他们进行活动的原因。其次，研究了利用活动日记的调查方法来了解人类出行-活动调度行为。人类的活动日程不仅是事先安排好的，而且还会被强行改变。因此，为了弄清人们是否按照最理想的时间表进行活动，我们研究了在特定日期预先安排和执行旅行活动计划的调查方法。分析结果表明，四周前的日程安排与一周前的日程安排相差不大。这样，对日程安排起重要作用的关键活动，就可以在一个月前按期进行。此外，在四周之前预先安排的活动一般是约束性重点活动，而自由安排的活动很少在一周之前按天安排。

It is necessary to clarify the structure of decision making of human travel-activity schedule in order to forecast travel demand accurately. This study investigates the factors which affect human activities, and develops survey methods for human travel-activity analysis.Firstly, the survey method with the in-depth interview to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. In this method, the interviewer asks respondents about their prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day, so that the reason why they have performed their activities is clarified.Secondly, the survey method with the activity diary to understand human travel-activity scheduling behavior is investigated. Human activity schedules are not only arranged beforehand, but also forced to be altered unexpectedly. Therefore, in order to clarify whether people behave their activities according to the most desirable schedule, the survey method, by which both of prearrangement and implementation of travel-activity schedule on the specific day is obtained, is investigated.The results of analysis show that there is little difference between the schedule prearranged before four weeks by the specific day and that before one week by the day. Then, the key activities which have the important role of determining schedule, are able to -be presumed before one month by the day. Furthermore, the activities prearranged before four weeks are generally the constraint key activities, while few activities scheduled freely are arranged before one week by the day.