Flexible interaction among variable individuals and interspecific social relations in biological communities

1.许多基质繁殖的慈鲷鱼栖息在坦噶尼喀湖的沿岸的岩石地区。它们对捕食者的育雏区相互接触或重叠，具有限制捕食者觅食行为的作用，从而有效地提高了它们的繁殖成功率.良好食物条件下的居群个体生长快，成熟早于不良食物条件下的个体.对斑鸠的巢址选择进行了单独研究，明确了旧巢再利用的条件.劳动分工在ponceptiant是研究个人通过他们的生活。每个工人所从事的工作一般随年龄而变化，但各不相同。根据个体的生理状态和社会地位以及群体的殖民地条件，地面觅食蚂蚁群体呈混合分布，觅食区域种间重叠，但各蚂蚁觅食行为差异较大，使其能够在小范围内共存.分布于潮间带的帽贝个体间的觅食行为差异显著，对藻类的分布和丰度产生很大影响，导致潮间带生物群落发生较大变化.同时采用遥测法和线轴法对日本田鼠的洞穴系统及其利用方式进行了研究，揭示了洞穴系统中个体间的相互作用对分析其社会结构的重要性.从个体结构和群落结构的角度，在关系的基础上，建立了一个新的数学模型（3D）。

1. Many substrata-breeding cichlid fishes inhabit in littoral rocky areas of Lake Tanganyika. Their brooding territories against predators contact or overlap each other, has the effect of restricting the foraging behavior of predators, revealed to be effective to increase the reproductive success of them.2. The resident individuals of Eumnces marainatus in good food conditions grow rapidly and reach maturation carlier than one in poor food conditions.3. The nest site choice of the turtle dove was studied individually and the conditions of reuse of old nest were clarified.4. Division of labor in the ponerine ant was studied individually through their life. The tasks performed by, each worker generally changed with age, but differed. greatly according to the physiological state and social status of each individual, and as well as to the colony conditions.5. Colonies of ground-foraging ant were distributed in a mingled way and foraging area of them widely overlapped interspecifically, but foraging behavior of each species differed so widely that it enabled them to coexist in a small area.6. The foraging behavior of limpets distributed on the intertidal zone differed markedly in each individual, and exerted great effect on distribution and abundance of algae, caused big changes in biological communities of this zone.7. The burrow system and it's utilization pattern in Japanese field vole were studied by the simultaneous application of telemetric method and spool-and-line method to each vole, and the interaction between individuals in the burrow system was revealed to be very important for analyzing their social structure.8. A new mathematical modal was develop(3d on the basis of relationship from the viewpoint of individual and community structure.