Flexible interaction among variable individuals and interspecific social relations in biological communities

1. 许多海底繁殖的慈鲷鱼栖息在坦噶尼喀湖沿岸的岩石地区。它们的孵育领地与捕食者相互接触或重叠，具有限制捕食者觅食行为的作用，对提高它们的繁殖成功率是有效的。在良好的食物条件下，海鳗的常驻个体比在恶劣的食物条件下生长得快，成熟得早。对斑鸠的巢址选择进行了个别研究，明确了旧巢再利用的条件。研究了蚁群一生的劳动分工。每个工人所执行的任务通常随着年龄的变化而变化，但有所不同。在很大程度上取决于每个个体的生理状态和社会地位，以及群体条件。地面觅食蚁群的分布是混合的，它们的觅食区域在种间广泛重叠，但每种蚂蚁的觅食行为差异很大，使它们能够在一个小区域内共存。分布在潮间带的帽贝的觅食行为在个体间存在显著差异，对潮间带藻类的分布和丰度有很大的影响，造成了潮间带生物群落的较大变化。采用遥测法和线轴法对日本田鼠的穴居系统及其利用模式进行了研究，揭示了穴居系统中个体间的相互作用是分析田鼠社会结构的重要依据。从个体和群体结构的角度出发，建立了一种基于关系的三维数学模型。

1. Many substrata-breeding cichlid fishes inhabit in littoral rocky areas of Lake Tanganyika. Their brooding territories against predators contact or overlap each other, has the effect of restricting the foraging behavior of predators, revealed to be effective to increase the reproductive success of them.2. The resident individuals of Eumnces marainatus in good food conditions grow rapidly and reach maturation carlier than one in poor food conditions.3. The nest site choice of the turtle dove was studied individually and the conditions of reuse of old nest were clarified.4. Division of labor in the ponerine ant was studied individually through their life. The tasks performed by, each worker generally changed with age, but differed. greatly according to the physiological state and social status of each individual, and as well as to the colony conditions.5. Colonies of ground-foraging ant were distributed in a mingled way and foraging area of them widely overlapped interspecifically, but foraging behavior of each species differed so widely that it enabled them to coexist in a small area.6. The foraging behavior of limpets distributed on the intertidal zone differed markedly in each individual, and exerted great effect on distribution and abundance of algae, caused big changes in biological communities of this zone.7. The burrow system and it's utilization pattern in Japanese field vole were studied by the simultaneous application of telemetric method and spool-and-line method to each vole, and the interaction between individuals in the burrow system was revealed to be very important for analyzing their social structure.8. A new mathematical modal was develop(3d on the basis of relationship from the viewpoint of individual and community structure.