Flexible interaction among variable individuals and interspecific social relations in biological communities

1.坦噶尼喀湖沿岸岩石区栖息着许多底栖性鱼类。它们的孵化范围与捕食者相互接触或重叠，具有限制捕食者觅食行为的效果，显示出有效地增加了捕食者的繁殖成功率。在良好的食物条件下，石龙子的居留个体生长较快，达到成熟期的能力强于食物条件较差的个体。对斑鸽的巢址选择进行了单独的研究，明确了旧巢再利用的条件。在其一生中，人们对黄腹蚁的分工进行了单独的研究。每个工人执行的任务一般都会随着年龄的增长而变化，但也会有所不同。很大程度上取决于每个个体的生理状态和社会地位，以及群体条件。地上觅食的蚂蚁群体呈混杂分布，觅食区域广泛重叠，但不同物种的觅食行为差异很大，使得它们可以在较小的区域共存。分布在潮间带的帽贝的觅食行为在个体上存在明显差异，对藻类的分布和丰度产生了很大影响，导致该带生物群落发生了较大的变化。采用遥测法和线轴测量法对日本田鼠的洞穴系统及其利用模式进行了研究，揭示了洞穴系统中个体间的相互作用对分析其社会结构的重要意义。从个体和群落结构的角度出发，建立了一个新的基于关系的三维数学模型。

1. Many substrata-breeding cichlid fishes inhabit in littoral rocky areas of Lake Tanganyika. Their brooding territories against predators contact or overlap each other, has the effect of restricting the foraging behavior of predators, revealed to be effective to increase the reproductive success of them.2. The resident individuals of Eumnces marainatus in good food conditions grow rapidly and reach maturation carlier than one in poor food conditions.3. The nest site choice of the turtle dove was studied individually and the conditions of reuse of old nest were clarified.4. Division of labor in the ponerine ant was studied individually through their life. The tasks performed by, each worker generally changed with age, but differed. greatly according to the physiological state and social status of each individual, and as well as to the colony conditions.5. Colonies of ground-foraging ant were distributed in a mingled way and foraging area of them widely overlapped interspecifically, but foraging behavior of each species differed so widely that it enabled them to coexist in a small area.6. The foraging behavior of limpets distributed on the intertidal zone differed markedly in each individual, and exerted great effect on distribution and abundance of algae, caused big changes in biological communities of this zone.7. The burrow system and it's utilization pattern in Japanese field vole were studied by the simultaneous application of telemetric method and spool-and-line method to each vole, and the interaction between individuals in the burrow system was revealed to be very important for analyzing their social structure.8. A new mathematical modal was develop(3d on the basis of relationship from the viewpoint of individual and community structure.