权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Research on the conservation-area model for maintenance of biodiversity and its use

生物多样性维护保护区模型及其利用研究

基本信息

批准号：
05304004
负责人：
KAWANABE Hiroya
金额：
$ 15.55万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research project aimed to build up the conservation-area model for the maintenance of biodiversity and its use, and conducted two pilot field-studies in Yakushima Island and Lake Biwa combining with the theoretical studies.In the field station at Yakushima Island, we observed the dynamics of leaves and shoots of trees from the bottom of forest to the top of crown, and evaluated the role of vertical and horizontal structures of trees in forest. These studies suggest that the architechture of forest might be produced by the inter-individual interaction among trees, and the more complicate structure maintains the more high diversity of species.In Lake Biwa, we investigated the offshore and inshore bio-community of the lake. The studies reveal that the large-scale environmental structure produced by the large-body organisms such as submerged plant and the small-scale environmental structure including the microbial-loop of nutrients among the micro-organisms are the important ecological factors to maintain the high diversity in the aquatic communities. In addition, the biodiversity might depend on the heterogeneity in the offshore due to the physical characteristics of viscous fluid (freshwater) , and also the environmental fluctuation in the inshore due to the inflow of nutrient after the rain, though these environmental factors maintain the bio-community with different ecological phases.Thus, in addition to the time-scale and space-scale heterogeneities in the physical environment, the environmental heterogeneity produced by the oraganisms themselves should promote the creation and/or the maintenance of higher biodiversity, irrespective of the land or aquiatic ecosystems, and of temperate or torpical areas. And hence, the consevation-area for higher biodiversity should include the environment for interactive organisms to function the ecologically chained system.

本研究以建立生物多样性维持与利用的保护区模型为目标，结合理论研究，在屋久岛和日本琵琶湖进行了两次野外试验研究，在屋久岛野外观测站，观测了从林下到树冠顶部树木的叶、枝动态，评价了树木垂直结构和水平结构在森林中的作用。这些研究表明，森林的结构可能是树木个体间相互作用的结果，结构越复杂，物种的多样性就越高。研究表明，沉水植物等大型生物所形成的大尺度环境结构和微生物间营养物质的微生物环等小尺度环境结构是维持水生生物群落高度多样性的重要生态因子。此外，由于粘性流体的物理特性，生物多样性可能取决于近海的异质性（淡水），以及雨后营养盐的流入引起的近岸环境波动，虽然这些环境因素维持着不同生态阶段的生物群落，因此，除了物理环境的时间尺度和空间尺度的异质性外，有机植物本身所产生的环境异质性应促进创造和/或维持较高的生物多样性，不论是陆地生态系统还是水生生态系统，也不论是温带还是热带地区。因此，高生物多样性保护区应包括相互作用的生物在生态链系统中发挥作用的环境。