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Central control mechanisms of motor patterns by multimodal inputs.

多模态输入运动模式的中央控制机制。

基本信息

批准号：
02454024
负责人：
ICHIKAWA Toshio
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Morphological and physiological properties of multimodal interneurons modulating the motor patterns of locomotion in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana have been examined. A cerebral local interneuron integrated signals from various mechanoreceptors on the cerci, antennae and legs and from photoreceptors in the compound eyes and ocelli. Activation of this small neuron produced excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the large second-order ocellar neurons which receive input from photoreceptors. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical experiments suggested that this neuron was GABAergic. Eight types of descending interneurons were identified. Most descendingneurons responded with a train of spikes to a puff of wind to the cerci and antennae. Four types of neurons shows an inhibition of spike discharges in response to illumination of either of two ocelli or both, while remaining four showed little response to the ocellar illumination. Some neurons were characterized by their strong responses to a spot of light moving in front of the compound eyes. Electrical stimulation of a particular descending interneurons caused EPSPs in a thoracic interneurons and a few spikes in some motoneurons innervating leg muscles. There were many thoracic interneurons which were excited by cercal stimulation and inhibited by ocellar illumination. Major information signaled by various interneurons examined in the present study appears to concern wind and tactile stimuli, because such stimuli usually produced a train of spikes in the neurons. However, such a strong response was often effectively suppressed by illumination of the ocelli. It is supposed that various external and internal mechanoreceptors are continuously stimulated during locomotion, which would evoke spikes in many interneurons, and changes in ocellar light conditions would modulate their spike discharges. This may result in course control by ocellar light condition during escape locomotion.

本文研究了美洲大蠊运动模式的多模态中间神经元的形态学和生理学特性。大脑局部中间神经元整合来自尾索、触角和腿上的各种机械感受器以及复眼和单眼中的光感受器的信号。这个小神经元的激活在接收来自光感受器的输入的大的第二级单眼神经元中产生兴奋性突触后电位（EPSP）。药理学和免疫组化实验表明，该神经元是GABA能神经元。八种类型的下行中间神经元被确定。大多数下行神经元对一股吹向尾须和触角的风做出反应，发出一连串的尖峰。四种类型的神经元表现出抑制的棘波放电响应于照明的两个单眼或两者，而其余四个表现出小的反应单眼照明。有些神经元的特点是对在复眼前移动的光点有强烈的反应。对特定下行中间神经元的电刺激会引起胸部中间神经元的EPSP和一些支配腿部肌肉的运动神经元的一些尖峰。胸段有大量的中间神经元，刺激小脑可使其兴奋，而刺激单眼可使其抑制。在本研究中，各种中间神经元发出的主要信息似乎与风和触觉刺激有关，因为这些刺激通常会在神经元中产生一系列尖峰。然而，这种强烈的反应往往是有效地抑制照明单眼。据推测，在运动过程中，各种外部和内部机械感受器被持续刺激，这将在许多中间神经元中引起棘波，并且单眼光条件的变化将调节它们的棘波放电。这可能导致在逃逸运动过程中单眼光条件的路线控制。