Physiological study on the periodic hormone secretion and reception in insects

本文研究了拟步甲Zophobas atratus蛹神经分泌细胞电分泌活性与分泌肽靶点活性之间的关系。每个胸和腹神经节包含一对运动神经元，是proctolin和FMRFamide的免疫反应。每个运动神经元支配一个大的，对侧的腹肌。电刺激腹神经索引起腹部肌肉的大幅度收缩。生理盐水浴中加入Proctolin显著增强肌肉的诱发收缩。单独应用FMRF酰胺对肌肉没有影响，但它阻断了proctolin诱导的增强腹肌收缩。结果提示，腹肌可能是运动神经元和神经分泌细胞周期性释放神经肽的主要靶点。在Z. atratus产生了周期性的 关于我们 血淋巴压的变化，峰值幅度约为20 mmHg。使用印度墨水的腿中的血淋巴电流的可视化揭示了压力脉冲的功能和腿的新颖且复杂的循环机制，其配备有三个血淋巴流动通道（1个离心通道和2个向心通道）和转子-股骨关节处的阀瓣。在蛹早期，离心通道中的瓣瓣结构发生了发育变化，从颞蛹型转变为一般成虫型。除了神经分泌细胞和发展中的飞行肌肉，发展中的胫骨伸肌的所有腿的电活跃在蛹期和肌肉活动的活跃阶段密切协调定期发生的腹部泵活动。结果表明，蛹期的许多神经、激素和发育活动在超日时间尺度上具有节律性，并与血淋巴循环密切相关。少

Relationship between electrical (secretory) activity of neurosecretory cells and activity of putative targets for the secretory peptides was examined in the pupae of tenebrionid beetle Zophobas atratus. Each thoracic and abdominal ganglion contained a pair of motoneurons that was immunoreactive to proctolin and FMRFamide. Each motoneuron innervated a large, contralateral abdominal muscle. Electrical stimulation of the ventral nerve cord evoked a large contraction of the abdominal muscles. Proctolin added to the saline bath significantly potentiated the evoked contraction of the muscles. FMRF amide applied singly had no effect on the muscles, but it blocked the proctolin-induced potentiation of abdominal muscle contractions. The result suggested that abdominal muscles might be a candidate of major targets for neuropeptides which were periodically released from the motoneurons and neurosecretory cells. Periodic abdominal muscle contractions in the pupae of Z. atratus produced a periodic … More change in the hemolymph pressure with a peak amplitude of approximately 20 mmHg. Visualization of hemolymph currents in the legs using Indian ink revealed a function of the pressure pulses and a novel and complex circulatory mechanism of legs that was equipped with three hemolymph-flow channels (1 centrifugal and 2 centripetal) and a valve flap at the trochanteral-femoral joint. Structure of the valve flap in the centrifugal channel was developmentally changed from a temporal pupal type to a general adult type during the early pupal period. In addition to the neurosecretory cells and developing flight muscles, developing tibial extensor muscles of all legs were electrically active during the pupal period and an active phase of the muscle activity closely coordinated with periodically occurring abdominal pumping activity. The results suggest that many neuronal, hormonal and developmental activities are rhythmic on an ultradian time scale and they are closely related the hemolymph circulation in the pupa. Less