Phylogenetic and evolutionary studies on Prunus species.

为了研究李属植物间的亲缘关系，采用RAPD和PCR-RFLP方法对李属植物3个叶绿体DNA结构域（psbA、rbcL-ORF106、atpB-rbcL）进行分析。母树、杏、李、桃的原料植物由果树研究站提供，樱桃的原料植物由雁雁形园艺研究站提供。1992年，我们利用代表性品种证实了RAPD技术适用于李属植物的亲本、品种分类和系统发育研究。1993年，我们调查了多个品种间的亲缘关系。梅子品种分为6个类群；“台湾梅子”、“Koume”、“chume”、“Oume”、“mume-杏杂交种”、“mume-plum杂交种”，认为日本的梅子来源于中国。杏品种分为两类；“东亚”，“西欧亚”。李子品种大致分为两类；“日本梅”、“欧洲梅”。这些梅花、杏和李子在基因上是相似的，大多数品种都是通过杂交进化而来的。桃品种同源性高，大致分为两类；“P.persica”、“P.mira”。1995年，我们用RAPD方法对樱桃进行了分类，用PCR-RFLP方法对李属植物进行了进化研究。李树种类大致分为“李族”和“樱桃族”，二者在古代都有划分。属于樱桃亚属的毛毛樱、日本樱被划入“梅群”。樱桃的分类实验因地震而中断，现在，我们再次进行最后一部分的实验。

In order to research relationships of Prunus species, We applied RAPD assay and PCR-RFLP method using three chloroplast DNA domains (psbA,rbcL-ORF106, atpB-rbcL). Matcrial plants of mumc, apricot, plum and peach were offered from Fruit Tree Research Station, and Cherries were offered from Yanmagata Horticultural Research Station. In 1992, We confirmed RAPD assay is suitable for parentage, classification of cultivars and phylogenetic studies in Prunus species using representative cultivars. In 1993, We investigated relationships among many cultivars. Mume cultivars were classified into 6 groups ; "Taiwan-mume", "Koume ", "Chuume", "Oume", "mume-apricot hybrid", "mume-plum hybrid", and it was supposed that Japanese mume is derived from China. Apricot cultivars classified into two groups ; "East Asia", "West Eurasian". Plumcultivars were largely classified into two groups ; "Japanese plum", "European plum". These mumes, apricots and plums are genetically similar and most cultivars have been evoluted with crossing. Peach cultivars are high homologous and were largely classified into two groups ; "P.persica", "P.mira". In 1995, We performed the classification of cherries by RAPD assay, and evolutionary studies of Prunus species by PCR-RFLP method. Prunus species were largely separated into "plum group" and "Cherry group" and Both group were divided in the old time. P.tomentosa, P.japonica which are classified into subgenus Cherry were classified into "Plum group". The experiment of classification of cherries was prevented by earthquake and now, we continue the last part of experiment again.