AN ABDUCTIVE APPROACH TO DISCOURSE UNDERSTANDING USING TENSE AND OLD-NEW INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO NI-BASED TROUBLESHOOTERS

本研究的主要目标是开发一个能够反映自然语言语篇的时态和新旧信息的推理系统，并将其应用到一个实际的故障排除系统中，作为其自然语言接口的一个组成部分。虽然这项研究已经结束，但从一些最有希望用于这种推理系统的理论的观点来看，它只涵盖了自然语言时间表达的基本原理。已经确定，为了使机器足够接近自然语言推理以支持可解释的人机对话，推理过程有必要考虑不断引入文本并随着文本的展开而更新的话语指称。对于话语对象的管理，已经考虑了几个建议来评估它们的优势和劣势。评估的结果汇总在我们的最终报告中。自话语指向管理…以来More涉及几种不同的逻辑推理模式，用于这些目的的语言应该具有丰富的表现力和易于使用，在这方面，Muskens的Lambda-范畴语言在我们的评价中得到了比Kamp的原始DRT更高的评价。我们还发现，时间推理的前提是从自然语言表达式中提取时间信息的方法。没有合理的建议提出一种算法方法，利用该方法可以从其组成部分的时间意义成分中推断出表达的时间意义。Ter Muellen将短语的体貌特征与广义量词的行为联系起来的想法被认为是支持开发算法方法的一种方式，尽管它仍处于粗略阶段。我们最初的目标是提供一个具体的例子，说明一种处理时态和旧-新信息的算法方法，这一方法反映在日本的租借制度和和贺的反对意见中，并将其转化为演绎制度。如上所述，这项任务仍有待今后的研究进行。较少

This study has as its main goals the development of a reasoning system which can reflect tense and old-new information of NL discourse and its application to a practical troubleshooting system as a component of its NL interface. Although the study is at an end in terms of its assigned term, it has covered no more than the fundamentls of the workings of NL temporal expressions as viewed from the viewpoints of some of the most promising theories to be used in such a reasoning system. It has been established that in order for a machine to come close enough to NL inferencing to support reasnable man-machine dialogs, it is necessay for the reasoning procedure to take into account the discourse referents constantly introduced into the text and updated as the text unfolds. For management of discourse referents, several proposals have been considered to assess their strengths and weaknesses. The results of this assessment are summarised in our final report. Since discourse referent management … More involves several different modes of logical reasoning, the language to be used for such purposes should be rich in expressivity and easy to handle, Muskens' lambda-categonical language has received a higher rating in our appraisal in this connection over Kamp's original DRT.It has also been found out that temporal reasoning presupposes a method of extracting temporal information from NL expressions. No reasonable proposal has been made of an algorithmic method with which the temporal meaning of an expression can be compositionally deducible from that of its components. Ter Muellen's idea of relating the aspectual characteristics of phrases to the behavior of generalized quantifiers is favorably considered to support one way of developing the alogorithmic method though it is still in the stagee of a rough sketch. Our original ambition was to present a concrete instance of a algorithmic method treating tense and old-new information as reflected in the Japanese tensee system and the opposition of wa-ga and to turn it into a deductive system. As indicated above, the task remains to be undertaken in a future study. Less