Emission mechanism of monohalomethanes from marine organisms and its effect on ozone depletion

海洋生物一卤甲烷的排放机制及其对臭氧层消耗的影响

• 批准号: 05455008
• 负责人: ITOH Nobuya
• 金额: $ 3.97万
• 依托单位: Fukui University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05455008/
• 关键词: monohalomethane; methyl bromide; methyl iodide; marine phytoplankton; marine organism; ozone depletion

Atmospheric methyl bromide is considered to be the largest reservoir of gaseous bromine that can destroy stratospheric ozone, and the ocean source of methyl bromide has been estimated at 3.5x10^<10> g/year. Nonetheless, the sources and sinks of methyl bromide are not still reconciled. Much of the problem lies in quantifying and mapping the oceanic source. A recent survey of marine macro- and microalgae has revealed that methyl bromide and methyl iodide are directly produced by the marine phytoplankton, Pavlova gyrans, and that methyl iodide and a trace amount of methyl bromide are released by the macroalgae Papenfusiella kuromo and Sargassum horneri. The evidence of direct production of methyl bromide from a phytoplankton supports the microalgae role in oceanic methyl bromide emission. Methyl halides were synthesized from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in cell-free extracts of P.gyrans, P.kuromo and S.horneri. This mechanism corresponded to the emission of methyl halides from the three algae in vivo. We have revealed some properties of the novel enzyme from P.gyrans.

大气中的甲基溴被认为是能够破坏平流层臭氧的最大气态溴储存库，海洋中甲基溴的来源估计为每年3.5x10克。尽管如此，甲基溴的来源和汇仍然没有得到协调。很大程度上的问题在于量化和绘制海洋来源图。最近对海洋大型和微藻的调查表明，甲基溴和甲基碘是由海洋浮游植物回旋巴夫藻直接产生的，而甲基碘和微量的甲基溴是由大型藻类黑藻Papenfusiella kuromo和马尾藻Sargassum horneri释放的。浮游植物直接生产甲基溴的证据支持微藻在海洋甲基溴排放中的作用。以S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸为原料，在回旋藻、黑刺参和角叉菜的无细胞提取液中合成了甲基卤化物。这一机制与三种藻类体内甲基卤化物的释放相对应。我们已经揭示了旋毛链霉菌这种新型酶的一些性质。

项目成果

N.Itoh st al.: "Emission of monohalomethanes,methyl bromide and methyliodide,from marine micro-and macroalgae,and theri fomation mechanism" Marine Biology. (発表予定).

N.Itoh st al.：“海洋微藻和大型藻类的单卤甲烷、甲基溴和甲基碘的排放及其形成机制”海洋生物学（待出版）。

Itoh, N., Tsujita, M., Ando, T., Hisatomi, G., and Higashi, T.: "Emission of monohalomethanes, methyl bromide and methyl iodide, from marine micro- and macroalgae, and their formation mechanism" Marine Biology. (in press). (1996)

Itoh, N.、Tsujita, M.、Ando, T.、Hisatomi, G. 和 Higashi, T.：“海洋微藻和大型藻类的一卤甲烷、甲基溴和甲基碘的排放及其形成机制”

伊藤伸哉,新家勝: "海洋生物が生産する低沸点臭化物の生成機構" バイオサイエンスとインダストリー. 51(8). 23-26 (1993)

Shinya Ito，Masaru Shinie：“海洋生物产生的低沸点溴化物的生成机制”《生物科学与工业》51（8）（1993）。

伊藤 伸哉: "ハロゲン化ペルオキシダーゼ酵素の解析とその応用に関する研究" 日本農芸化学会誌. 69. 1467-1472 (1995)

Shinya Ito：“卤化过氧化物酶的分析及其应用研究”日本农业化学学会杂志 69. 1467-1472 (1995)。

伊藤 伸哉: "蛋白質 核酸 酵素41巻生物界におけるハロゲン化酵素の多様性とその働き" 共立出版(株), 11 (1996)

伊藤伸也：《蛋白质、核酸和酶第 41 卷：卤化酶的多样性及其在生物界中的功能》共立出版株式会社，11（1996 年）