Landscape Composition on Ukiyoe Paintings by Hiroshige

博重的山水画与所画地点的真实风景有三点不同：(a)博重画的是每个人都能在日常生活中找到的生活风景；(b) Hiroshige绘制的风景画不仅是可以看到的方式，而且还使用了一些技术，如“俯瞰”，“重新排列”，“变形”，“缩小”，使绘画更加生动；(c)作为远距离景观元素绘制的山脉在俯瞰时似乎小于10度。他所画的河流景观的构图是由“水的视速”和“视轴对河的方向”决定的。组成类型如下：(a)低水视率的对岸景观；(b)低水位流轴状景观；(c)高水景率的对岸景观；(d)高水景率的流轴状景观。另一方面，我们调查了绘画中树木的构图倾向，发现这些树木具有四种构图功能：(a)框架功能，通过在画面的两侧绘制树木；(b)表示距离的功能，在画面的左侧或右侧画树；(c)分图功能，在中间画一棵树；(d)通过向路的尽头画一排树来引导眼睛的功能。收集所有这些结果，我们制作了一个检查表，以便在当今的城市空间中更容易找到浮世绘式的景观构图，并使用这个检查表构建了一个程序。

There are three differences between Hiroshige's landscape paintings and the real landscape of the drawn place : (a) Hiroshige drew a landscape of living which everbody can find in ordinary life ; (b) Hiroshige drew a landscape not only the way can be seen but also by using some technique such as 'overlook', 'rearrange', 'deform', and 'scale down' , to make the painting more picturesque one ; (c) mountains drawn as long-distance landscape element seems to be less than 10 degree in overlooking.Compositions of the river scape which he drew are decided by 'water view rate' and 'direction of view axis against the river'. The composition types are as follows : (a) opposite bank landscape with low water view rate ; (b) current-axis-like landscape with low water rate ; (c) opposite bank landscape with high water view rate ; (d) current-axis-like landscape with high water view rate.On the other hand, we investigated the compositional tendency of trees drawn in the paintings, and found that these trees have four compositional functions : (a) function of framing, by drawing trees on the both sides of the picture ; (b) function of expressing distance, by drawing tree in the left or right side of the picture ; (c) function of dividing a picture, by drawing tree in the middle ; (d) function of directing eyes, by drawing row of trees toward the end of the road.Gathering all these results, we made check list which makes easier to find UKIYOE-like landscape composition in today's urban space and constructed a program, using this check list.