A STUDY OF TEAMWORK CHARACTERISTICS THAT INCREASE THE ACCURACY AND CREATIVITY OF GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

本研究旨在从社会心理学的角度揭示优秀团队合作的特点和作用，这种优秀的团队合作能够准确地、创造性地解决群体问题。首先，对团队合作概念的研究进行了回顾，并对团队合作的定义进行了重新界定，明确了本研究的目的和着眼点。第一个实证研究是对一家大型电气公司东京分公司的促销团队进行的。我通过电子邮件、网络会议和电子公告牌等方式，在那个促销团队中通过电子通信系统获得了交流信息的完整记录。然后从时间序列的角度进行了内容分析。并对团队成员进行了问卷调查，对团队管理人员进行了访谈。此外，我还比较了表现优秀的团队和表现不佳的苦苦挣扎的团队之间的分析结果。在一个优秀的团队中，大部分交换的信息都被面向任务和面向问题解决的团队占据。大多数成员选择了团队合作的概念，即每个成员完成自己的任务就像团队合作一样。另一方面，在一个苦苦挣扎的团队中，大部分交换的信息都被情感支持导向型和澄清导向型占据。大多数成员选择了这样的概念，即每个成员都将彼此的弱点掩盖为团队合作。本研究成功地证明了团队中的团队合作理念与团队沟通和团队绩效的特质是动态交互作用的，这种动态交互作用会产生团队特征。未来的任务是澄清这种互动与团队问题解决和绩效之间的关系模式。

The present study was intended to reveal the characteristics and functions of the excellent teamwork that enabled accurate and creative group problem solving from the viewpoint of social psychology. First of all, I made a review of studies about teamwork conceptions and recomposed the definition of teamwork on this study in order to clarify the purpose and locus of this study. The first empirical study was conducted on sales promotion teams in Tokyo branch of a major electric company. I got full records of exchanged information via electric communication system using email, net meeting and electronic bulletin board in that sales promotion teams. Then I conducted the content analysis with time series perspectives. And I carried out the questionnaire survey on the team members and interview to managers of the teams. In addition, I compared the results of these analyses between an excellent performing team and a struggling team for poor performance.The results of this study were as follows. In an excellent team, large part of the exchanged information was occupied by task oriented and problem solving oriented ones. And most of the members chose the notion that teamwork was that each member completed own mission as teamwork. On the other hand, in a struggling team, large part of exchanged information was occupied by emotional support oriented and clarification oriented ones. And most of the members chose the notion that each member covered mutual weakness as teamwork. This study succeeded in demonstrating that the notion of teamwork in a team was interacting dynamically with the trait of team communication and team performance, and that such dynamic interaction would generate the team characters. The future task is to clarify the modalities of the relationships between such interaction and team problem solving and performance.