Social History of Housing and Urban Society in France

世纪末，巴黎人口迅速增长，住房条件变得更糟，因为房屋短缺，租金便宜，加剧了民众的不满。而英国人也越来越多地支持住房改革运动，其目的是创造一个具有个人住房优点的集体居住空间。在这场运动的推动下，HBM（Habitation a bon马尔凯）公寓楼应运而生。这些为大众住宅所做的努力在世纪初实现了各种建筑，如位于巴黎布拉格街芸香的罗斯柴尔德家族HBM。在HBM大厦，他们试图组织空间，不仅照顾照明和通风的健康和卫生，但也打算作出良好的影响，对居民的启蒙与洗涤，洗澡等公共设施的帮助。在芸香街布拉格的HBM，人口主要由工人，工匠，雇员和他们的家庭谁可以享受相对舒适的生活。这些人一旦在那里有了家，往往会在那里住上许多年，这种养老金加强了缩小家庭规模和加强核心家庭重要性的趋势。基金会的领导人似乎成功地改善了大众的住房，并因此达到了他们的基本目的。但这种情况尤其是由于老年居民比例的增加而出现的，基金会认为这偏离了其创始人的动机，即支持和道德化有孩子的贫困家庭。我必须把对第一次世界大战后巴黎现象的调查作为下一部作品：不卫生的街区和花园。

At the end of the 19th century, in Paris, where happened a rapid increase of the population, the housing conditions, becoming worse for the shortage of houses to let at a cheap rent, strengthened popular dissatisfactions. And the bourgeosie gave more and more support to the movement for hausing reform, which aimed to invent a collective dwelling space endowed with merits of the individual house. The block of flats called HBM (Habitation a bon marche) came into existence as a result of this movement.These efforts for the popular housing attained, at the beginning of the 20th century, to the realization of various buildings like the HBM of the Fourdation Rothschild on Rue de Prague in Paris. In thouse HBM,they tried to organize the space, not only giving care to lighting and ventilation for the sake of health and hygiene, but also intending to make good effects on the enlightenment of inhabitants with the help of communal facilities for washing, bathing and so on.In the HBM of Rue de Prague, the population was principaly composed of workers, artisans, employees and their family who could enjoy relatively comfortable life. These who once got a home there were apt to remain for many years and this pensistency reinforced the tendency to reduce the size of households and to enhance the importance of nuclear family. The leaders of the Foundation seemed to succesd in improving the popular housing and to achiere therefor their essential purpose. But this situation arisen especially from the increase in propstion of old residents was considered by the Foundation as a deviation from its founders' motive, namely supporting and moralizing poor families with children.I must leave bekind as a next work the inquieries into the Parisien phenomena aft the First World War : insanitary blocks and garden-sities.