Social History of Housing and Urban Society in France

19世纪末，在巴黎，人口迅速增长，住房条件变得更糟，因为可供廉价出租的房屋短缺，这加剧了民众的不满。资产阶级越来越支持住房改革运动，其目的是创造一种具有个人住房优点的集体居住空间。由于这一运动，被称为HBM （bon marche居住区）的公寓楼应运而生。在20世纪初，这些对大众住宅的努力实现了各种建筑的实现，例如巴黎布拉格街的罗斯柴尔德基金会HBM。在房屋HBM中，他们试图组织空间，不仅为了健康和卫生而照顾照明和通风，而且还打算在公共设施的帮助下对居民的启蒙产生良好的影响，如洗涤、洗澡等。在Rue de Prague的HBM中，人口主要由工人、工匠、雇员及其家庭组成，他们可以享受相对舒适的生活。那些在那里有了家的人往往会在那里住很多年，这种持久性加强了缩小家庭规模和提高核心家庭重要性的趋势。该基金会的领导人似乎成功地改善了大众住房，并因此实现了其基本目的。但是，这种情况的出现，特别是由于老年居民的增加，被基金会认为偏离了其创始人的动机，即支持和教育有孩子的贫困家庭。我必须把对第一次世界大战后巴黎现象的调查留作下一部作品：不卫生的街区和花园。

At the end of the 19th century, in Paris, where happened a rapid increase of the population, the housing conditions, becoming worse for the shortage of houses to let at a cheap rent, strengthened popular dissatisfactions. And the bourgeosie gave more and more support to the movement for hausing reform, which aimed to invent a collective dwelling space endowed with merits of the individual house. The block of flats called HBM (Habitation a bon marche) came into existence as a result of this movement.These efforts for the popular housing attained, at the beginning of the 20th century, to the realization of various buildings like the HBM of the Fourdation Rothschild on Rue de Prague in Paris. In thouse HBM,they tried to organize the space, not only giving care to lighting and ventilation for the sake of health and hygiene, but also intending to make good effects on the enlightenment of inhabitants with the help of communal facilities for washing, bathing and so on.In the HBM of Rue de Prague, the population was principaly composed of workers, artisans, employees and their family who could enjoy relatively comfortable life. These who once got a home there were apt to remain for many years and this pensistency reinforced the tendency to reduce the size of households and to enhance the importance of nuclear family. The leaders of the Foundation seemed to succesd in improving the popular housing and to achiere therefor their essential purpose. But this situation arisen especially from the increase in propstion of old residents was considered by the Foundation as a deviation from its founders' motive, namely supporting and moralizing poor families with children.I must leave bekind as a next work the inquieries into the Parisien phenomena aft the First World War : insanitary blocks and garden-sities.