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Production of deletion stocks and deletion mapping in common wheat

普通小麦缺失库的生产和缺失图谱

基本信息

批准号：
05660008
负责人：
ENDO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY (1994-1995)Nara University (1993)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660008/
关键词：
Common wheat Deletion chromosome C-banding Chromosome map 欠失地図作製 Cバンド遺伝子地図

项目摘要

The head investigator of this study (Endo, T.) discovered that a specific chromosome of an wild species, Aegilops cylindrica, related to wheat, causes a high rate of chromosomal structural changes in common wheat. Utilizing this chromosome, he produced 436 deletions in 21 wheat chromosomes and has established the deletion stocks. However, it was suspected that there were some aberrations in the background chromosome constitutions other than deletions. Also, there were some deletion chromosomes whose authenticity was doubted.The present study was conducted (1) to study the deletion stocks cytogenetically in detail, (2) to produce homozygous or hemizygous deletion stocks, and (3) to construct wheat chromosome maps by deletion mapping. Through the studies of 1993 to 1995, the cytological examination of all the deletion chromosomes of 21 wheat chromosomes (three genomes and seven homoeologous groups) was completed, and the following facts were clarified. (1) The deletions in the chromosome arms, whose disomic losses were not achieved or cause stenlity (Sears and Sears 1978), could not be made homozygous when they exceeded certain sizes. (2) When deletion homozygotes were obtained with the deletions not expected to become homozygous, those plants were always found to have a traslocation chromosome, probably involving the deleted chromosomal segment. (3) Translocations in the deletion stockes were recognized by chtological observations, but it was almost impossible to detect minor interstitial deletions in the deletion chromosomes. Thus, a large number of deletion stocks have been produced and their chromosomal constitutions were confirmed. It is expected that using the deletion stocks, full-scale deletion mapping of wheat chromosomes will be progressed.

本研究的首席研究员（Endo，T.）发现一种与小麦相关的野生物种-利用这条染色体，他在21条小麦染色体上产生了436个缺失，并建立了缺失原种。然而，怀疑在背景染色体构成中存在除缺失以外的一些畸变。本研究的目的是（1）对缺失群体进行详细的细胞遗传学研究，（2）制备纯合或半合缺失群体，（3）利用缺失作图法构建小麦染色体图谱。通过1993 ~ 1995年的研究，对小麦21条染色体（3个染色体组，7个同源群）的全部缺失染色体进行了细胞学检查，明确了以下事实。(1)染色体臂中的缺失，其二体丢失没有实现或导致不育（Sears and Sears 1978），当它们超过一定大小时，不能使其纯合。(2)当获得缺失纯合子时，预期缺失不会变成纯合子，总是发现这些植物具有易位染色体，可能涉及缺失的染色体片段。(3)通过染色体学观察发现了缺失染色体中的易位，但几乎不可能检测到缺失染色体中的微小间质缺失。因此，已经产生了大量的缺失原种，并且证实了它们的染色体构成。利用这些缺失群体，可望在小麦染色体的全缺失定位方面取得进展。