Development of a genetic system to introduce alien useful genes into common wheat and to determine their loci

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Recently, Endo (1999) found that certain genes or chromosomes derived from wild species related to wheat induce chromosomal structural mutations in common wheat with high frequencies, and established a genetic system inducing chromosomal rearrangements. The present study aimed at generating deletion and translocation lines of a rye chromosome, which would be useful for the genetics and breeding of wheat, by applying the genetic system. After the two-year research we have achieved 1) the production of wheat lines with rye chromosome 1R in which chromosomal mutations occur and 2) the establishment of detection methods of structural changes involving chromosome 1R.As to 1), first, we crossed a wheat cultivar with a substitution of chromosome 1R for wheat chromosome 1B to an addition line of wheat with 3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis, and selected derivatives with a chromosome constitution, 2n=43 (20"+1""1R+1'3C) : Chromosome mutations are expected to occur in the progeny. Further, we selected derivative plants with 2n=44 (20"+1"1R+1"3C). Crosses between 2n=44 plants and the 1R/1B substitution cultivar would yield hybrids (20"+1"1R+1'3C) that would produce progeny carrying chromosomal mutations, involving those in chromosome 1R.Using these wheat lines, we will be able to conduct the screening of 1R structural changes in a large scale. As to 2), we demonstrated that C-banding is an effective technique to detect 1R terminal deletions, and that in situ hybridization can identify the rye segments involved in translocation with wheat chromosomes. Further, we established a PCR-based method to detect a gene for secalin, a seed storage protein, which is located on the satellite of chromosome 1R.By using these cytogenetical techniques we expect to be able to identify effectively structural changes involving chromosome 1R.