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Development of a genetic system to introduce alien useful genes into common wheat and to determine their loci

开发遗传系统，将外来有用基因引入普通小麦并确定其基因座

基本信息

批准号：
07556132
负责人：
ENDO Takashi
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556132/
关键词：
Chromosomal rearrangement rye common wheat C-band PCR secalin in situ hybridization

项目摘要

Recently, Endo (1999) found that certain genes or chromosomes derived from wild species related to wheat induce chromosomal structural mutations in common wheat with high frequencies, and established a genetic system inducing chromosomal rearrangements. The present study aimed at generating deletion and translocation lines of a rye chromosome, which would be useful for the genetics and breeding of wheat, by applying the genetic system. After the two-year research we have achieved 1) the production of wheat lines with rye chromosome 1R in which chromosomal mutations occur and 2) the establishment of detection methods of structural changes involving chromosome 1R.As to 1), first, we crossed a wheat cultivar with a substitution of chromosome 1R for wheat chromosome 1B to an addition line of wheat with 3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis, and selected derivatives with a chromosome constitution, 2n=43 (20"+1""1R+1'3C) : Chromosome mutations are expected to occur in the progeny. Further, we selected derivative plants with 2n=44 (20"+1"1R+1"3C). Crosses between 2n=44 plants and the 1R/1B substitution cultivar would yield hybrids (20"+1"1R+1'3C) that would produce progeny carrying chromosomal mutations, involving those in chromosome 1R.Using these wheat lines, we will be able to conduct the screening of 1R structural changes in a large scale. As to 2), we demonstrated that C-banding is an effective technique to detect 1R terminal deletions, and that in situ hybridization can identify the rye segments involved in translocation with wheat chromosomes. Further, we established a PCR-based method to detect a gene for secalin, a seed storage protein, which is located on the satellite of chromosome 1R.By using these cytogenetical techniques we expect to be able to identify effectively structural changes involving chromosome 1R.

最近，Endo（1999）发现来自与小麦相关的野生种的某些基因或染色体在普通小麦中高频率地诱导染色体结构突变，并建立了诱导染色体重排的遗传系统。本研究旨在利用该遗传系统，获得黑麦染色体缺失易位系，为小麦遗传育种提供依据。经过两年的研究，我们取得了以下成果：1）产生了黑麦染色体1 R的小麦品系，其中发生了染色体突变; 2）建立了涉及染色体1 R的结构变化检测方法。对于1），首先，我们将染色体1 R取代小麦染色体1B的小麦品种与带有山羊草3C染色体的小麦附加系杂交，和具有染色体组成的选定衍生物，2n=43（20”+1”“1 R +1 '3C）：预期在后代中发生染色体突变。在此基础上，我们进一步筛选出2n=44（20”+1“1 R +1“3C）的衍生植物。用2n=44的植株与1 R/1B替代品种杂交，可获得20”+1“1 R +1 '3C的杂种后代，这些杂种后代携带染色体突变，包括1 R染色体上的突变。对于2），我们证明C-分带是检测1 R末端缺失的有效技术，原位杂交可以鉴定与小麦染色体易位有关的黑麦片段。此外，我们还建立了一种基于PCR技术的种子贮藏蛋白secalin基因检测方法，该基因位于1 R染色体随体上，利用这些细胞遗传学技术，我们希望能够有效地鉴定涉及1 R染色体的结构变化。