Physical mapping and molecular genetic study of barley chromosomes by genetic genome rearrangement

为了构建基于不同DNA标记的大麦染色体物理图谱，本研究利用杀配子染色体诱导大麦染色体的结构变化。在1996年至2000年的研究期间，取得了以下成果.大麦异附加系的产生染色体结构的改变我们引入了两条杀配子染色体，一条来自柱穗山羊草，一条来自山羊草。triuncialis，通过杂交和细胞学筛选获得普通小麦大麦染色体附加系.基于染色体显带和荧光原位杂交的大麦染色质鉴定技术的建立将染色体显带（C-带和N-带）和原位杂交（以大麦特异的亚端粒重复序列为探针的FISH和以大麦总基因组DNA为探针的GISH）相结合，建立了一种在普通小麦基因组背景下鉴定大麦染色质的技术.大麦染色体结构变异的鉴定和分离利用上述的品系和技术，我们证明杀配子染色体可以高频率地诱导大麦染色体的结构变异.大麦染色体的物理定位我们在大麦染色体7 H上筛选出了许多缺失和易位，并利用RFLP和AFLP标记对它们进行了缺失定位，证明了本研究中产生的大麦染色体结构变化的有效性。

Aiming to construct physical maps of barley chromosomes based on various DNA markers, we conducted the present study to induce structural changes in barley chromosomes added to common wheat by the use of gametocidal chromosomes. The results obtained during the research period between 1996 and 2000 are as follows.1. Production of Barley Addition Lines Generating Chromosomal Structural ChangesWe introduced two gametocidal chromosomes, one from Aegilops cylindrica, one from Ae. triuncialis, into barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat by crossing and cytological screening.2. Development of Technique Identifying Barley Chromatin Based on Chromosome Banding and Fluorescence In Situ HybridizationCombining chromosome banding (C-banding and N-banding) and in situ hybridization (FISH using a probe of the barley-specific subtelomeric repeat and GISH using a probe of the total barley genomic DNA), we developed a technique by which we can identify barley chromatin in the genomic background of common wheat.3. Identification and Isolation of Barley Chromosomal Structural ChangesUsing the lines and technique mentioned above, we demonstrated the gametocidal chromosomes can induce structural changes in every barley chromosome with high frequencies.4. Physical Mapping of a Barley ChromosomeWe screened many deletions and translocations in barley chromosome 7H and conducted deletion mapping with them based on RFLP and AFLP markers, demonstrating the efficacy of the barley chromosomal structural changes generated in this study.