Orientation behavior of cellulose microcrystals in magnetic and electric fields and its application for new material design.

对微晶纤维素和甲壳素在水悬浮液中的强静磁场取向行为进行了研究。(1)微晶纤维素和甲壳素微晶在悬浮液中的取向均为分子轴垂直于磁场方向。当悬浮液在野外干燥时，可以观察到相同的取向。(2)取向度随场强的增加而提高。然而，即使使用17.5特斯拉的最强磁场，也无法实现完美的定向。一般情况下，长度较长且长度分布均匀的微晶具有较好的取向性。(3)对于木材或甲壳素等较短的微晶，当悬浮液在现场干燥时，可以观察到较好的取向。因此，除了磁场的影响外，相应悬浮液的液晶特性--即所谓的自有序行为--似乎也起着重要的作用。(4)磁各向异性的计算与实验结果吻合较好。从理论上论证了吡喃糖环与电场垂直放置的结果，并计划了利用强静电场进行的实验，以及利用物理场进行新材料设计的试验。然而，我们不能像我们在基本磁场实验上所做的那样彻底地研究。这些方面的工作留给了进一步的研究。

Following results on the orientation behavior by strong static magnetic field of microcrystalline cellulose and chitin in aqueous suspensions has been produced.(1) Both cellulose and chitin microcrystals in suspensions oriented in such a way that their molecular axs were laid perpendicular to the field direction. The same orientation was observed when the suspension was dried in the field.(2) Degree of orientation was improved with increasing field strength. However, the perfect orientation could not be achieved even using the strongest field at 17.5 Tesla. In general, the microcrystals having longer length as well as uniform length distribution tended to orient better.(3) In the case of shorter microcrystals such from wood or chitin, the better orientation was observed when the suspension was dried in the field. For this, the liquid crystalline character of the corresponding suspension-so called self-ordering behavior-seemed to play an important role in addition to the effect of the magnetic field.(4) The calculation of magnetic anisotropy was in good accord with the experimental results. The result that the pyranose ring was laid perpendicular to the fields was theoretically demonstrated.The experiments using strong static electric fields, the test of new material design using the physical fields, were also planned. However, we could not investigated as thoroughly as we have done on the basic magnetic field experiments. The work along these line was left for further studies.