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Mechanism of the accumulation of free amino acids in seaweed with cell and tissue culture

细胞和组织培养海藻中游离氨基酸积累的机制

基本信息

批准号：
05660232
负责人：
AMANO Hideomi
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Effects of bacteria on the accumulation of free amino acids in seaweed were studied, using free living conchocellis phase of red alga Porphyra yezoensis as the experimental alga. Amino acid pattern was determined with amino acid analyzer. Almost the same amino acid pattern was obtained between axnic and bacteria-contaminated cultures. However, the amounts of free amino acid in bacteria-contaminated alga was 1.4-fold that of axnic one. The symbiotic bacteria, therefore, was responsible to the accumulation of free amino acids.2. Effects of the stage of life cycle, sex, fertility and maturation on the free amino acid pattern were examined. The algae used in this study were Laminaria japonica (female and male gametophytes, zoosporangial sori and sporophyte), Undaria pinnatifida (female and male gametophytes, sporophyte, and sporophyll), P.yezoensis (conchocelis phase and thalli), fertile and sterile Ulva pertusa. Free amino acid pattern differed very much in quantity and quality among the stage of life cycle, sex, fertility and maturation in each species of alga.3. Changes of free amino acid pattern during growth of algae were tested using L.japonica, U.pinnatifida, P.yezoensis as experimental algae. The growth of these algae did not affect to the free amino acid patters. However, the amino acid contents showed specific increasing or decreasing tendency with the growth of each seaweed.4. The mechanism of the accumulation of free amino acid was studied, using giant coenocytic green alga Valonia macrophysa which contains counsiderable amounts of free cystine in its ethanolic extracts. In the cell sap of the intact alga, free cysteine, not cystine, was detected using HPLC and fluorometric detection with thiol-specific reagent. When the cysteine synthase activity was measured, Valonia was found tohave very strong activity (about 5-fold) than the other algae. This enzyme localized in chloroplast obtained by cell fractionation.

1. 以紫菜卟藻（Porphyra yezoensis）游离生螺壳相为实验藻类，研究了细菌对海藻游离氨基酸积累的影响。用氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸模式。氨基酸的分布规律与细菌污染的培养物几乎相同。而细菌污染藻类中游离氨基酸的含量是氨基酸污染藻类的1.4倍。因此，共生细菌对游离氨基酸的积累负有责任。考察了生命周期阶段、性别、育性和成熟期对游离氨基酸格局的影响。本研究使用的藻类有：海带（雌雄配子体、游动孢子囊孢体和孢子体）、裙带菜（雌雄配子体、孢子体和孢子体）、叶藻（螺壳期和菌体）、可育和不育的紫花Ulva pertusa。2 .不同种类藻类在生命周期、性别、繁殖力和成熟期的游离氨基酸模式在数量和质量上存在很大差异。以粳稻（L.japonica）、裙带菜（u.p natatifida）和叶藻（p.p yezoensis）为实验藻类，研究了藻类生长过程中游离氨基酸格局的变化。这些藻类的生长对游离氨基酸模式没有影响。氨基酸含量随各海藻的生长有特定的增加或减少趋势。以巨胞绿藻瓦洛尼亚（Valonia macrophysa）为研究对象，对其乙醇提取物中含有大量游离胱氨酸的游离氨基酸积累机制进行了研究。在完整海藻的胞液中，用高效液相色谱法和巯基特异性荧光试剂检测游离半胱氨酸，而不是胱氨酸。当测量半胱氨酸合成酶活性时，发现缬草具有很强的活性（约为其他藻类的5倍）。这种酶定位在叶绿体中，通过细胞分离得到。