Economic and Social Analysis on the Owner-Farmer-Establishment Policy - significance of Small Holding in Agriculture -

(1)对农业小农化的批评有很多，但要弄清小农化的意义，有必要分析其在各个历史阶段的作用。(2)日本的“业主-农民”政策与欧洲不同。后者是一种安置政策，但前者是稳定租户的手段。这就构成了日本土地改革的背景。在这种情况下，日本的地主政策既起到了保护原租户的作用，又起到了改革地主制度的作用。(3)京都地区。在农业生产力水平处于中等水平、种植水稻、小麦等主要农作物的地区，主要接受所有者-前-设施政策。在这些地区，无论是地主还是佃农，改革地主制度的条件往往都比其他地区更好。(4)第二次世界大战后，许多国家接受了土地改革，因为这些国家有必要处理旧政权垮台下的社会危机。此外，日本的土地改革也有同样的特点，但除了这个小前者的情况是强制的。

(1) There are many criticisms against small-holding in agriculture, but to make clear the significance, it's necessary to analyze the function of it under every historical stage. (2) The Owner-Farmer-Establishment Policies in Japan in different from those in Europe. The latter is a kind of the settlement policy, but the former is a mean to make tenant formers stable. This has formed the background of Japan's Land Reform. Under these situation, Japan's policy had effects to protect tenant formers as well as to reform the land lord system. (3) As for Kyoto Prefecture. The Owner-Former-Establishment Policy was mainly accepted in the areas where agricultural productivity level is middle, and staple crops such as rice and wheat were grown. In these areas the conditions to reform land lord system tended to be more satisfied than other areas both for land lord and tenant farmer. (4) After the World War II,land reforms were accepted in many countries, because it was necessary for such countries to deal with the social crises under collapse of the old regime. Also Japan's land reform has same character in thin regard, but in addition to this small former's situation was enforced.