Historical study on organizing process of modern Japanese agriculture

本文的结论是：1）当今世界各国农业竞争力的强弱主要取决于本国农业结构政策的效果。但是，基于市场原理的结构性政策并不是在所有国家都同样有效，这是由于各国的社会和经济条件不同。我们可以根据这种政策的必要性或有效性将这些情况分为以下四种类型：（1）不需要特殊农业结构政策的国家;（2）农业结构政策已经实现的国家;（3）农业结构性政策至今无法实施的国家;（4）农业结构性政策尚不迫切需要的国家。日本和许多亚洲国家属于类型（3）。2）明治维新后，日本因快速现代化而产生的许多农村问题增加。在大正时期， 关于我们 这导致了各种农村运动、农民纠纷和社区农业运动，以保护农民生活和农村社会免受这些问题的影响，并取得了良好的效果。这些运动依赖于通常被称为“mura”的当地社区。村是起源于江户时代农村社会的一种哈姆雷特，但值得注意的是，这些村已经被改造，使其能够发挥适合现代社会的新功能。这些依靠村的运动，特别是在土地所有权和土地使用的合理化方面，表现出了很强的能力。3）日本的历史经验，对日本式的农业结构政策提供了一些启示。如果用一个词来形容这一政策的特点，与西方式的“市场竞争”相比，“组织化”是一个恰当的词。依赖于“组织化”的农业结构政策在许多属于类型（3）的国家都是可行的。少

The concluding remarks issues from this analysis are as follows.1)Today, the agricultural competitive power of each country depends mainly on the result of its own agricultural structural policy. But, a structural policy based on marketing principles isn't equally effective in all countries, due to their different social and economic conditions.We can classify these situations into 4 types depending on the necessity or availability of this policy as follows : (1)Countries where the special agricultural structural policy hasn't been needed, (2)Countries where the agricultural structural policy has already been achieved, (3)Countries where the agricultural structural policy has been impossible to be adopted till now, (4)Countries where the agricultural structural policy hasn't been urgently necessary yet. Japan and many Asian countries belong to type (3).2)After the Meiji Restoration, many rural problems, which were caused by rapid modernization, increased in Japan. In the Taisho period, … More this gave rise to various rural movements, peasant disputes and community agriculture movements to protect peasant life and rural societies from these problems, that have obtained excellent results. These movements depended on local communities which were usually called "mura". A mura is a kind of hamlet which has its origin in the rural society of the Edo period, but it's worthy of notice that these have been reformed to enable them to perform new functions suitable to modern society. These movements which have depended on mura have shown a great ability to rationalize land-property and land-use in particular.3)Such Japanese historical experience gives us some indications as to the Japanese-style of agricultural structural policy. If we were to express the features of this policy in a word, "organizing", which is in contrast to Western-style "market competition," would be the right word. The agricultural structural policy that depends on "organizing" is available in many countries which belong to type (3). Less