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Historical study on organizing process of modern Japanese agriculture

日本近代农业组织过程的历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
14560184
负责人：
NODA Kimio
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The concluding remarks issues from this analysis are as follows.1)Today, the agricultural competitive power of each country depends mainly on the result of its own agricultural structural policy. But, a structural policy based on marketing principles isn't equally effective in all countries, due to their different social and economic conditions.We can classify these situations into 4 types depending on the necessity or availability of this policy as follows : (1)Countries where the special agricultural structural policy hasn't been needed, (2)Countries where the agricultural structural policy has already been achieved, (3)Countries where the agricultural structural policy has been impossible to be adopted till now, (4)Countries where the agricultural structural policy hasn't been urgently necessary yet. Japan and many Asian countries belong to type (3).2)After the Meiji Restoration, many rural problems, which were caused by rapid modernization, increased in Japan. In the Taisho period, … More this gave rise to various rural movements, peasant disputes and community agriculture movements to protect peasant life and rural societies from these problems, that have obtained excellent results. These movements depended on local communities which were usually called "mura". A mura is a kind of hamlet which has its origin in the rural society of the Edo period, but it's worthy of notice that these have been reformed to enable them to perform new functions suitable to modern society. These movements which have depended on mura have shown a great ability to rationalize land-property and land-use in particular.3)Such Japanese historical experience gives us some indications as to the Japanese-style of agricultural structural policy. If we were to express the features of this policy in a word, "organizing", which is in contrast to Western-style "market competition," would be the right word. The agricultural structural policy that depends on "organizing" is available in many countries which belong to type (3). Less

本文的结束语如下：1)当今世界各国的农业竞争力主要取决于本国农业结构政策的结果。但是，由于各国社会经济条件的不同，以市场化原则为基础的结构政策并不是在所有国家都同样有效。根据政策的必要性或有效性，我们可以将这些情况分为四种类型：(1)不需要特殊农业结构政策的国家，(2)已经实现农业结构政策的国家，(3)至今不可能采取农业结构政策的国家，(4)尚未迫切需要农业结构政策的国家。日本和许多亚洲国家属于这种类型(3)。2)明治维新后，由于快速现代化造成的许多农村问题在日本增加。在大正时期，…这更引发了各种农村运动、农民纠纷和社区农业运动，以保护农民生活和农村社会免受这些问题的困扰，取得了良好的效果。这些运动依赖于通常被称为“村落”的当地社区。村落是起源于江户时代乡村社会的一种村落，但值得注意的是，这些村落经过了改革，使其能够发挥适合现代社会的新功能。这些依赖村村的运动显示出很大的土地财产和土地利用合理化的能力。3)日本的这种历史经验给我们提供了一些关于日本式农业结构政策的启示。如果要用一个词来表述这一政策的特点，与西方式的“市场竞争”相反的“组织”是正确的。依靠“组织”的农业结构政策在许多属于类型(3)的国家都是可用的。较少