Study on the Land Use Control through the Land Consolidation Procedure

本研究有两个研究对象。一是关于道路、河流、公园等公共利益用地的贡献问题；二是关于非农业用地出让或征用土地的成本分摊问题。研究结果如下：第一个主题：(1)最近在许多土地整理项目中，土地是由所有参与者相对于其旧地块的价值为公共利益而贡献的。这对公共部门和参与者（土地所有者）都是非常有用的方式。(2)土地整理程序的法律制度不完善，导致现实中公共设施用地的贡献存在困难。(3)第一个困难是，在项目结束时完成取代新的法律地位之前，不可能将土地所有权转移给公共部门。公共部门不想在没有所有权的情况下拿走土地并为其付费。(4)其次是土地……在土地整理程序中，更多的所有者必须支付更多的税，而不是在普通程序中为公共目的出售土地。这是因为税收制度没有为土地整理程序准备足够的扣除。(5)因此，经常发现违规反应来解决上述情况。（六）我建议为公共利益提供土地的特别程序，以及公营部门与土地整理部门就土地所有权转让达成协议。第二主题：(1)现行《土地整理法》并未赋予项目非农业用地出让或征用土地的土地所有人参与人资格，因此他们没有支付项目费用的义务。(2)但他们实际上是通过项目获得利润，即改善道路和排水条件，将更好的地块用于非农用途（良好的位置，土地整理，形状良好的地块等），节省测量和登记成本，放松管制。(3)项目费用的支付参与者存在不平等感，导致部分项目区将费用分配给土地所有者用于非农用途。(4)分配是合理的和可能的，因为我们可以明确获得利润的人和利润的内容。(5)我建议修改法案，要求非农业用地的费用分摊给土地所有者。因此，参与者的资格将留下一个法律问题。少

This Study has two subjects. The first is on the cotribution of lands for public interests like as roads, river, park and so on, and the second is on the cost allocation by the land owners of giving or taking lands for non-agricultural purposes. The results are as follows ;First subject : (1) Recently in many Land Consolidation projects, lands are contributed for public interests by the all the participants relative to the value of their old parcels. This is a very usuful way for both public sectors and participants (land owners). (2) But there is not so well legally systemized in the Land Consolidation procedure that causes difficulties to contribute lands for public facilities in realities. (3) The first difficulty is that it is impossible to transfer the land ownership to public sectors before superseding the new legal status which is completed at the end of the project. The public sectors don't want to take lands and pay for them without their ownership. (4) The second is that land … More owners must pay more tax for giving lands in the Land Consolidation procedure than in the case of selling for public purposes in ordinary procedure. It is because the tax system does'nt prepare enough deduction for the Land Consolidation procedure. (5) There are, therefore, often found illegal reactions to solve the above situation. (6) I propose the introduction of a special procedure for contributing lands for public interests, and of an agreement between public sectors and the Land Consolidation sector for transference of land ownership.Second subject : (1) The present Land Consolidation act does'nt give qualification of participants to the land owners of giving or taking lands of non-agricultural purposes in the projects, therefore they have no obligation to pay the expense of the projects. (2) But they actually get profits through the projects, that is, improving roads and drainage condition, taking better parcels for non-agricultural use (good position, land consolidation, well shaped lots etc.) , saving the costs of measurement and register, and deregulation. (3) Then, the participants of paying the project expenses have the feeling of unequality, and so that there are some project areas that allocate the expenses to the land owners on non-agricultural use. (4) The allocation is reasonable and probable, because we can specify the person of getting profits and the contents of profits. (5) I propose that the act should be revised to ask the cost allocation to the land owners related to non-agricultural use. For it, there will be a legal problem left in the qualification of participants. Less