Implementation of Land Use Control for Hazard Mitigation in Japan and its Policy Process

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To verify the policy process model of land use control for hazard mitigation, the study involved three principal tasks; 1) an assessment of the implementation of land use control for hazard mitigation in the revision of Regional Disaster Prevention Programs after the Hanshin-Awaji great earthquake, 2) case studies of advanced practice in land use planning for hazard mitigation in Japan, and 3) a review of California's Seismic Hazard Mapping program and outcomes.1. In 1999, we have carried out a nationwide questionnaire survey on land use planning for hazard mitigation in Japan. The population contains personnel of urban planning and disaster prevention sections of 694 urban municipalities (all SHIs and tokubetu-Kus). Most cities are inactive to disclose seismic hazards information and they have weak or poor intra-administrative connections between urban planning and disaster prevention sections.2. In 2001, we interviewed with personnel of Matsumoto, Yokosuka, and Nishinomiya. Under the strong leadership of key persons, these cities are trying to do advancing practices of urban rehabilitation based on detailed hazard map open to the public, of site plan with building setback to avoid fault line, and of extensive guidance for planning permission by means of original ordinance, respectively.3. In February 2002, we visited the California Geological Survey, FEMA, cities and counties (San Francisco, San Jose, and Santa Clara), ABAG, and so on to interview with government staff and to get information of Seismic Hazard Mapping Program. California case has remarkable features in establishment of geological professions, and utilization of systemic ex-post policy evaluation. The effective measures are 1) zoning and mapping system to identify high-risk areas, 2) requiring site-specific investigations prior to permits for most types of development, and 3) outreach activities of State's Geological Survey.