CHARACTERISTICS OF HERBAGE GRASS ECOTYPES COLLECTED AT ALPINE REGIONS IN NORTH - EASTERN JAPAN AND IN SOUTHERN GERMANY.

为了调查适合北上高地的遗传资源，1992 - 1995年在盛冈附近的一个970m a.s.1的试验田对日本东北部和德国南部高寒地区收集的牧草生态型特征进行了评价。研究的性状包括一般农艺性状、消化率、形态性状、矿物质含量和叶片横截面矿物质释放率。材料为多年生黑麦草、果园草、高羊茅和提摩西草。多年生黑麦草有13个日本生态型、2个日本品种、9个德国生态型和3个德国品种。本研究选用11个日本生态型、6个日本高羊茅生态型和8个德国蒂莫西生态型，每个德国生态型和品种各1个。对于多年生黑麦草，德国生态型的耐寒性、抽穗期早、穗数多优于其他生态型。日本生态型比德国生态型大，但与消化率相关的性状没有差异。德国生态型是适合北上高原的有潜力的遗传资源之一。将3种禾草的叶片横截面在水中浸泡5分钟至12小时。用能量色散x射线分析仪分析矿物释放。释放率在钾中最高，在CI和Ca中中等，在S、P和Mg中较低，在Si中最低。不同品种间矿物质的水溶性差异不大。

To investigate genetic resources suitable for Kitakami highland, characteristics of herbage grass ecotypes collected at alpine regions in north-eastern Japan and in southern Germany were evaluated at an experiment field (970m a.s.1.) near Morioka from 1992 to 1995. Investigated characters were general agricultural characters, digestibility, morphological characters, mineral content, and mineral release rates from cross section of leaves.Materials were perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue and timothy. For perennial ryegrass, 13 Japanese ecotypes, 2 Japanese cultivars, 9 German ecotypes, and 3 German cultivars. For orchardgrass, 11 Japanese ecotypes, and one of each German ecotype and cultivar, six Japanese ecotypes for tall fescue and 8 German ecotypes for timothy were used for this study.For perennial ryegrass, German ecotypes were better in winter hardiness, earlier in heading date, and more in number of heads than the other groups. Japanese ecotypes were larger than German ecotypes, but characters related with digestibility were not differ. German ecotypes would be one of promising genetic resources suitable for Kitakami highland.Cross sections of leaves of three grass species were soaked in water for 5 minutes to 12 hours. Mineral release analyzed with Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer. Release percentage was highest in K.It was medium in CI and Ca, Low in S,P and Mg, and lowest in Si. Varietal differences in the water-solubility of minerals were small.