CHARACTERISTICS OF HERBAGE GRASS ECOTYPES COLLECTED AT ALPINE REGIONS IN NORTH - EASTERN JAPAN AND IN SOUTHERN GERMANY.

为探讨适合北上高原的牧草遗传资源，在海拔970 m的试验田对采自日本东北部和德国南部高山地区的牧草生态型进行了性状评价。1992年到1995年在盛冈附近研究了多年生黑麦草、鸭茅、高羊茅和梯牧草的一般农艺性状、消化率、形态性状、矿质元素含量和矿质元素释放速率。多年生黑麦草有13个日本生态型、2个日本栽培品种、9个德国生态型和3个德国栽培品种。结果表明，在多年生黑麦草中，德国生态型抗寒性好，抽穗期早，成穗数多。日本生态型大于德国生态型，但与消化率相关的性状差异不大。德国生态型是适合北上高原的优良遗传资源之一。用能量色散X射线分析仪分析矿物释放。钾的释放率最高，氯和钙居中，硫、磷和镁较低，硅最低。矿物的水溶性品种间差异较小。

To investigate genetic resources suitable for Kitakami highland, characteristics of herbage grass ecotypes collected at alpine regions in north-eastern Japan and in southern Germany were evaluated at an experiment field (970m a.s.1.) near Morioka from 1992 to 1995. Investigated characters were general agricultural characters, digestibility, morphological characters, mineral content, and mineral release rates from cross section of leaves.Materials were perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue and timothy. For perennial ryegrass, 13 Japanese ecotypes, 2 Japanese cultivars, 9 German ecotypes, and 3 German cultivars. For orchardgrass, 11 Japanese ecotypes, and one of each German ecotype and cultivar, six Japanese ecotypes for tall fescue and 8 German ecotypes for timothy were used for this study.For perennial ryegrass, German ecotypes were better in winter hardiness, earlier in heading date, and more in number of heads than the other groups. Japanese ecotypes were larger than German ecotypes, but characters related with digestibility were not differ. German ecotypes would be one of promising genetic resources suitable for Kitakami highland.Cross sections of leaves of three grass species were soaked in water for 5 minutes to 12 hours. Mineral release analyzed with Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer. Release percentage was highest in K.It was medium in CI and Ca, Low in S,P and Mg, and lowest in Si. Varietal differences in the water-solubility of minerals were small.