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エンドファイト特性を利用したライグラス類への環境抵抗性の付与

利用内生特性赋予黑麦草环境抗性

基本信息

批准号：
08660324
负责人：
SAIGA Suguru
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
IWATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08660324/
关键词：
Endophyte Perennial ryegrass Environmental resistance Ecotype Over-seedin Alkaloid

项目摘要

Neotyphodium endophyte produces animal toxicoses, and on the other hand, gives desirable traits including resistance to insects and to drought. This study was to utilize the characteristics of endophyte into grass breeding.To begin with, endophyte infection rate was investigated for perennial ryegrass ecotypes collected from highlands in German Alps and Kitakami highland by 1990. Any endophyte was not observed in both ecotypes. This indicates that endophyte does not contribute to cold resistance.Endophyte infection rate was investigated for marketed forage seed of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Through these two species, there was great difference among cultivars. Compared cultivars between their use, endophyte infection rates were higher in turf type than in forage type. Compared cultivars among countries originated, US cultivars indicated highest infection rate, followed by European cultivars, and Japanese cultivars were lowest.Five perennial ryegrass cultivars and three tall fe … More scue cultivars originated in Japan were all free from endophyte, and the infection rates were all 0.0%. Individual plants with endophyte must be excluded from in the process of selection. Plants with endophyte may be less adaptable under wet weather condition like in Japan.Ryegrass straw and fescue straw caused animal disorder at Morioka and other places showed high concentration in these alkaloids. Some tall fescue straw marketed in Iwate prefecture indicated higher ergovaline concentration than threshold level of animal disorder. There are some cases that animal disorder occurred in Japan under the threshold level. This may mean that the threshold level in Japan is lower than that in USA.Endophyte infected plants are low adaptable under Japanese weather condition. Then, the infection rate was investigated under practical conditions. In these cases, as golf courses, grass seeds were over-seeded on turf where ground coverage by grasses was worse, endophyte infection rates were low. However, when grass seeds were seeded newly on bare ground in sports ground, the rate was high in perennial ryegrass although that was 0% in tall fescue.Use of genetically improved turf-grasses containing useful endophytes is of great value. To use endophyte characteristics for forage crop breeding, more knowledge including difference of growth rate between plants and endophyte fungi are needed. Less

新伤寒杆菌在产生动物毒素的同时，还具有抗虫性和抗旱性等优良特性。本研究旨在利用内生菌的特性进行牧草育种。首先，于1990年对德国阿尔卑斯山和北上高地采集的多年生黑麦草生态型的内生真菌侵染率进行了调查。在两个生态型中均未观察到内生菌。调查了多年生黑麦草和高羊茅等牧草种子的内生真菌侵染率。通过这两个种，不同品种间存在较大差异。不同品种间比较，草坪型内生真菌感染率高于饲草型。比较起源国家的品种，美国品种的侵染率最高，其次是欧洲品种，日本品种最低。5个多年生黑麦草品种和3个…更多原产于日本的SCUE品种均无内生真菌，侵染率均为0.0%。在选择过程中，必须将含有内生菌的单株排除在外。有内生菌的植物在潮湿的天气条件下可能不太适应，比如在日本，黑麦草秸秆和羊茅秸秆在盛冈等地造成动物紊乱，这些生物碱显示出较高的浓度。岩手县出售的一些高羊茅秸秆显示，麦角伐他林的浓度高于动物疾病的阈值水平。日本也有一些动物骚乱低于门槛水平的案例。这可能意味着日本的阈值水平低于美国。内生侵染植物对日本天气条件的适应性较低。然后，在实际条件下调查其感染率。在这些情况下，作为高尔夫球场，草籽在草皮覆盖率较差、内生真菌侵染率较低的草坪上过度播种。然而，在运动场裸地新播草种时，多年生黑麦草的内生率较高，而高羊茅的内生菌含量为0%，利用含有有益内生菌的转基因草坪草具有重要的应用价值。利用内生真菌特性进行饲用作物育种需要更多的知识，包括植物和内生真菌生长速度的差异。较少