MECHANISM OF MINERAL UPTAKE, TRANSFORMATION IN PLANT.

研制了新设备，拓展了矿质营养的研究领域。应用能量色散X射线微区分析技术(EDX)对果园草中镁的含量进行了筛选。利用X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱技术研究了土壤中锰的氧化状态。该真菌在环境条件下可氧化土壤中的锰，引起小麦全蚀病。这种真菌能够在入侵植物之前诱导小麦普遍缺锰。植物的营养可以通过它们对吸收、运输和分配的影响而被许多疾病生物彻底改变。锰毒害显著降低了铁从根到地的运转，导致根褐变，抑制了铁的吸收。嗜酸菌对高浓度铝离子具有耐受性。考虑到在酸性条件下以单体铝为主，嗜酸菌的可能培养为探索植物铝毒提供了一个有用的模型系统。基于磷的动物粪便土地应用限制的潜在用途增加了优化动物饲料磷管理的重要性。饲粮中添加羟基磷灰石、玉米或植酸酶可增加磷的吸收。为了减少水资源中硝酸盐污染的可能性，对分施氮肥和种植前氮肥用量对产量和地表水氮素损失的影响进行了评估。对奶牛场的氮、磷、钾流进行了定量估算。营养流模拟模型将显示环境友好型奶牛场管理的未来方面。

New equipment were developed, and made expand research field of mineral nutrition. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was applied to screen Magnesium concentration of orchardgrass. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used for probing Mn oxidation state in soil. The fungus caused the take-all diseases oxidized Mn in soils at ambient. The fungus is capable of inducing a generalized Mn deficiency in wheat prior to invading the plant. Nutrition of the plant can be drastically altered by many disease organisms through their effect on uptake, translocation, and distribution. The Mn toxicity significantly decreased the translocation of Fe from roots to shoots, caused root browning and inhibited Fe absorption. Acidophilic bacteria were tolerant to a high concentration of aluminum (Al) ion. Considering that monomeric Al is dominant under acid conditions, the possible cultivation of the acidophilic bacteria affords an useful model system to probe Al toxicity of plants. The potential use of P based land application limits for animal manure has increased the importance of optimizing animal feed P management. P uptake was increased using HAP corn or phytase in the diet. To reduce the potential for nitrate contamination of water resources, an evaluation of reduced N application rates applied in a split application and preplant N rates for impacts on yield and nitrogen loss to surface water was conducted. The flow of N, P and K in dairy farms was estimated quantitatively. A nutrient flow simulation model will show future aspects for environmentally friendly dairy farm management.