MECHANISM OF MINERAL UPTAKE, TRANSFORMATION IN PLANT.

新设备的开发，拓展了矿质营养的研究领域。采用能量色散x射线微量分析（EDX）技术筛选了果园草中镁的浓度。采用x射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱法探测土壤中Mn的氧化态。在环境条件下，真菌引起了土壤中锰的全蚀病。这种真菌能够在入侵小麦之前诱导小麦普遍缺锰。植物的营养可以被许多病害生物体通过它们对吸收、转运和分布的影响而急剧改变。锰毒性显著降低了铁从根向茎的转运，导致根褐变，抑制了铁的吸收。嗜酸菌对高浓度铝离子具有耐受性。考虑到酸性条件下单体Al的优势，嗜酸菌的培养可能为探索植物Al毒性提供了一个有用的模型系统。基于磷的动物粪便土地施用限制的潜在利用增加了优化动物饲料磷管理的重要性。饲粮中添加HAP玉米或植酸酶均能提高磷吸收量。为了减少水资源中硝酸盐污染的可能性，进行了分次施氮和预施氮对产量和地表水氮损失影响的评价。定量估算了奶牛场N、P、K的流量。营养流动模拟模型将展示未来环境友好型奶牛场管理的各个方面。

New equipment were developed, and made expand research field of mineral nutrition. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was applied to screen Magnesium concentration of orchardgrass. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used for probing Mn oxidation state in soil. The fungus caused the take-all diseases oxidized Mn in soils at ambient. The fungus is capable of inducing a generalized Mn deficiency in wheat prior to invading the plant. Nutrition of the plant can be drastically altered by many disease organisms through their effect on uptake, translocation, and distribution. The Mn toxicity significantly decreased the translocation of Fe from roots to shoots, caused root browning and inhibited Fe absorption. Acidophilic bacteria were tolerant to a high concentration of aluminum (Al) ion. Considering that monomeric Al is dominant under acid conditions, the possible cultivation of the acidophilic bacteria affords an useful model system to probe Al toxicity of plants. The potential use of P based land application limits for animal manure has increased the importance of optimizing animal feed P management. P uptake was increased using HAP corn or phytase in the diet. To reduce the potential for nitrate contamination of water resources, an evaluation of reduced N application rates applied in a split application and preplant N rates for impacts on yield and nitrogen loss to surface water was conducted. The flow of N, P and K in dairy farms was estimated quantitatively. A nutrient flow simulation model will show future aspects for environmentally friendly dairy farm management.