Field Study for Sleep-Wake Habits in Japanese Workers of Different Ages : Individual Differencis of Circadian Phase and Aging.

对1,120名18-69岁的各种职业的工人进行了Horne和Ostberg的日本版晨昏性问卷、生活习惯调查表和东海团体评定的A型行为模式（TABP）的筛选试验，调查了晨昏性得分、TABP和睡眠-觉醒习惯随年龄的变化。采用问卷调查的方法，研究夜间小睡对疲劳恢复的影响。随着年龄的增长，早晨-晚上得分显著地向早晨转移。随增龄，习惯性就寝和起床时间显著提前，平日睡眠时间延长。早晨型的人比晚上型的人睡得早，起得早，尤其是老年人。睡眠-觉醒习惯的结果显示，夜间型组的睡眠习惯参数的变异性大于早晨型组。早晨型 ...更多信息 组是更好的情绪出现。这些结果表明，昼夜节律的阶段是先进的和/或该期间缩短随着年龄的增加。TABP的年龄标化患病率男性为20.2%，女性为9.7%，其中年轻组患病率较低，而老年组患病率较高。TABP组和非TABP组在就寝时间、起床时间和工作日睡眠时间方面没有显著差异。从夜间午睡的调查来看，午睡组和非午睡组的困倦得分和与困倦、迟钝和注意力难以集中有关的主观疲劳感都有所增加。然而，研究发现，对于没有午睡的那组人来说，这些影响在夜间工作后的大部分恢复期内都会持续下去。因此，可以推测，在夜间工作时小睡在一定程度上有助于从工作造成的疲劳中恢复过来。少

The Japanese version of Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire, life habits inventory and the screening test for the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) evaluated by Tokai group were adiministered to 1,120 workers aged 18-69 in various kinds of occupations, and the changes in scores of morningness-eveningness and the TABP and sleep-wake habits with aging were investigated.On the other hand, a questionnaire was performed in order to investigate the effect to naps during night duty on recovery from fatigue. Morningness-eveningness scores significantly shifted to morningness with increased age. The habitual bed and arising times significantly advanced and sleeping time on weekday were prolonged with aging. The morning type group go to bed and arise earlier than the evening type group, especially older groups. The result of sleep-wake habits showed that the variability of habitual sleep parameters were greater the evening type group than the morning type group. The morning type … More group was the better the mood on arising. These findings suggested that the circadian phase was advanced and/or the period was shortened with increased age. Age adjusted prevalence of TABP was 20.2% in male workers and 9.7% in female workers, in which younger age groups had lewer, and on the contrary, older ones had higher prevalences. No significant differences between the TABP and no-TABP were found in terms to retiring and arising time, and sleep length on weekday.From the survey of night-time naps, both the nap and no-nap groups exhibited an increase in the sleepiness scores and also in the subjective feelings of fatigue concerning the complaints related to drowsiness, dullness and difficulty in concentration. However, it was found that for the no-nap group these effects continued for a large part of the recovery period following night work. It can therefore be surmised that naps taken during night-time work can be to a certain extent aid recovery form the fatigue caused by that work. Less