A molecular census of land-use intensity effects on the soil biota in grasslands

土地利用强度对草原土壤生物群影响的分子普查

• 批准号: 433023745
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Bonkowski
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Mikrobielle Physiologie und Molekulare Biologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433023745?language=en
• 关键词: molecular; census; land; use; intensity

Soils host the most complex communities on Earth and are vital resources that provide essential ecosystem services and food security to humankind. Due to the complexity of soils, there is no comprehensive census about the organismic diversity comprising bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, metazoan and viruses, for any soil, and thus the effects of land-use intensity changes on the belowground biota have been difficult to assess. In fact, there was no single method to assess soil microbiota and soil fauna diversity, abundance and community composition at high taxonomic resolution. Double-RNA metatranscriptomics now enables such holistic census studies across phylogenetic domains and trophic levels based on rRNA and mRNA. We propose an integrated molecular census of land-use intensity effects on below-ground soil biota guilds in the grassland soils of the Biodiversity Exploratories. The main objective of BE_CENSE is to assess the impact of land use intensity effects on the diversity of the whole grassland soil biota. Deeply sequenced metatranscriptomes of the 150 grassland plots will be generated and analysed via ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA of the microbiomes. Such a holistic approach can provide unique insights into LUI effects, since emergent properties resulting from biotic interactions between groups (i.e. microbial food web structures), are being potentially captured. We will test four complementary hypotheses in two work packages (WP). WP1 will test to what extend differences in LUI result in changes in the taxonomic composition of the grassland soil biota, and more specifically the structure of the microbial food web. More specifically, we hypothesize that high LUI will, via soil compaction, lead to a lower abundance and diversity of mesofauna, as compared to prokaryotes, protists and viruses. The reduced top-down control of the larger animals will have cascading effects onto the soil microbial food web by increasing the importance of protists, bacterial and viral micro-predators, thus resulting in a trophic down-grading of the soil ecosystem under high LUI. Furthermore, in WP2 we aim to reveal the seasonal and spatial dynamics in the soil microbial food web in top- and subsoils. To master this ambitious task, experts from soil metatranscriptomics, bacterial and archaeal microbiology and soil protistologists have teamed up to provide the necessary broad methodological and scientific background. The outcome of BE_CENSE will be an unprecedented view into the effects of land-use intensity (LUI) on the diversity of functional guilds in the below-ground biota in grasslands.

土壤承载着地球上最复杂的群落，是为人类提供基本生态系统服务和粮食安全的重要资源。由于土壤的复杂性，目前还没有全面的普查包括细菌，古细菌，原生生物，真菌，后生动物和病毒的有机体多样性，任何土壤，因此，土地利用强度的变化对地下生物区系的影响一直难以评估。事实上，没有一种单一的方法可以在高分类分辨率下评估土壤微生物群和土壤动物的多样性、丰度和群落组成。双RNA元转录组学现在可以基于rRNA和mRNA跨系统发育域和营养水平进行这种整体普查研究。我们提出了一个综合的分子普查的土地利用强度对地下土壤生物群的生物多样性勘探站在草地土壤的影响。BE_CENSE的主要目的是评估土地利用强度对整个草原土壤生物多样性的影响。将通过微生物组的核糖体RNA和信使RNA生成和分析150个草原地块的深度测序元转录组。这种整体方法可以提供对LUI效应的独特见解，因为群体之间的生物相互作用（即微生物食物网结构）所产生的新兴特性可能会被捕获。我们将在两个工作包（WP）中测试四个互补的假设。WP1将测试LUI的差异在多大程度上导致草原土壤生物群分类组成的变化，更具体地说，微生物食物网的结构。更具体地说，我们假设，高LUI将通过土壤压实，导致较低的丰度和多样性的中型动物，相比原核生物，原生生物和病毒。对大型动物自上而下的控制减少，将通过增加原生生物、细菌和病毒微型捕食者的重要性，对土壤微生物食物网产生级联效应，从而导致高LUI下土壤生态系统的营养降级。此外，在WP 2中，我们的目标是揭示土壤微生物食物网的季节和空间动态在顶部和底土。为了掌握这项雄心勃勃的任务，来自土壤元转录组学、细菌和古菌微生物学以及土壤原生生物学家的专家们联合起来，提供了必要的广泛的方法和科学背景。 BE_CENSE的结果将是对土地利用强度（LUI）对草原地下生物群功能性公会多样性的影响的前所未有的看法。