Role of chemodiversity in Tanacetum vulgare in interactions with phloem sap feeders and herbivory-pollination trade-offs

菊苣化学多样性在与韧皮部汁液饲养者相互作用和食草授粉权衡中的作用

• 批准号: 433093246
• 负责人: Dr. Thomas Dussarrat
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Chemische Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433093246?language=en
• 关键词: Role; chemodiversity; Tanacetum; vulgare; interactions

Within Tanacetum vulgare, an intriguingly high chemodiversity is found. In particular, different chemotypes are discriminated based on their leaf terpenoid profiles. In the first period, our goal was to characterise the relationship between chemotypes, phloem exudate composition and leaf metabolic fingerprints and we studied with P7 the consequences of chemodiversity on plant-aphid interactions. Chemotypes were hardly mirrored in the metabolic composition of phloem exudates. However, they were well distinguishable based on numerous satellite metabolites by LC-MS, while the maternal genotype also showed a pronounced influence on chemodiversity. In a common garden experiment with homogenous plots (same chemotype) and heterogenous plots (different chemotypes), we found indications for associational resistance towards the aphid specialist Uroleucon tanaceti. Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria aphids were affected by both chemotype and plot-type and showed a positive relationship with individual plant chemodiversity. Chemodiversity also influenced the behaviour of pollinators and florivores, as revealed in P6. Moreover, plant responses to herbivory can be chemotype-specific, which may affect pollinators. Yet, the nature and consequences of such trade-offs remain poorly explored, especially regarding the underlying metabolic mechanisms. In a second funding period, our goal is to understand whether and how intraspecific chemodiversity influences herbivory-pollination trade-offs (P5 and P6 will be combined). Therefore, we will first test for correlations between leaf and flower chemodiversity using GC-MS and LC-MS. Second, we will assess the plasticity of flower metabolites in response to herbivory imposed by aphids or florivores and in dependence of leaf chemotype. Multivariate statistics and machine learning analyses will be used to investigate these datasets. Besides, our metabolic data will be used by P10 and provide relevant information about terpenoid inducibility, also studied in P2, P4 and P8. Third, we will evaluate the consequences of the metabolic responses to herbivory on pollinator preferences and plant reproductive traits in controlled greenhouse and natural field conditions. To explore the chemical mechanisms underlying herbivory-pollination trade-offs, untargeted analysis of flower chemicals and modelling will be employed. Finally, artificial crossings will be used to disentangle the influences of chemotype and parental genotype on herbivore and pollinator preferences and herbivore performance. The crossings will be performed in coordination with COR, P8 and P9 to facilitate computational model development of terpenoid evolution and biosynthesis. We will also perform analyses of primary metabolites for the chemodiversity-plasticity experiment, in which we will evaluate responses of plants to drought and herbivory.

在Tanacetum vulgare中，发现了一个有趣的高化学多样性。特别是，不同的化学型是基于它们的叶萜类化合物谱来区分的。在第一阶段，我们的目标是确定化学型，韧皮部分泌物组成和叶代谢指纹之间的关系，我们研究了与P7的化学多样性对植物蚜虫相互作用的后果。化学型几乎没有反映在韧皮部分泌物的代谢组成。然而，它们是很好区分的基础上，通过LC-MS的许多卫星代谢物，而母体基因型也表现出显着的影响化学多样性。在一个共同的花园实验同质地块（相同的化学型）和异质地块（不同的化学型），我们发现的迹象，对蚜虫专家Uroleucon tanaceti协会的阻力。Tanacetaria蚜的化学型和小区类型的影响，并表现出积极的关系与植物个体的化学多样性。化学多样性也影响了传粉者和食花动物的行为，如P6所示。此外，植物对植食动物的反应可能是化学型特异性的，这可能会影响传粉者。然而，这种权衡的性质和后果仍然很少探索，特别是关于潜在的代谢机制。在第二个资助期，我们的目标是了解种内化学多样性是否以及如何影响植食授粉权衡（P5和P6将合并）。因此，我们将首先使用GC-MS和LC-MS测试叶和花化学多样性之间的相关性。其次，我们将评估花代谢产物的可塑性，响应蚜虫或食花动物施加的植食性和叶化学型的依赖性。多元统计和机器学习分析将用于调查这些数据集。此外，我们的代谢数据将被P10使用，并提供有关萜类诱导的相关信息，也在P2，P4和P8中进行了研究。第三，我们将评估在受控温室和自然田间条件下，对植食性的代谢反应对传粉者偏好和植物繁殖性状的影响。为了探索植食授粉权衡的化学机制，将采用花化学物质的非目标分析和建模。最后，人工杂交将被用来解开化学型和亲本基因型对食草动物和传粉者的偏好和食草动物的性能的影响。交叉将与COR、P8和P9协调进行，以促进萜类化合物进化和生物合成的计算模型开发。我们还将进行化学多样性可塑性实验的初级代谢物的分析，在该实验中，我们将评估植物对干旱和植食性的反应。