Modelling the causes and consequences of intraspecific plant chemodiversity in a changing world

模拟不断变化的世界中种内植物化学多样性的原因和后果

• 批准号: 433093021
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Meike Wittmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Theoretische Biologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433093021?language=en
• 关键词: Modelling; causes; consequences; intraspecific; plant

Plant chemodiversity is shaped by a complex set of molecular, ecological, and evolutionary processes. The goal within the first funding period was to start building a quantitative modelling framework for the evolutionary emergence and maintenance of plant chemodiversity. In collaboration with P5, we reviewed the literature for existing models that explain how plant chemodiversity arises and is maintained. While there are many verbal models, there are so far few mathematical models and computer simulations. To fill this gap, we developed two complementary modelling approaches for the evolution of intraspecific plant chemodiversity. First, with P3 and P8, we developed a simple proof-of-concept model where the absence or presence of metabolites is directly encoded in the genome. We showed that temporal variation in herbivore pressure can maintain substantial intraspecific chemodiversity, both within and between plants, if the genetic dominance of the metabolite presence alleles for anti-herbivore activity is larger than their genetic dominance for costs. Second, we developed a more mechanistic individual-based simulation model where a plant individual’s metabolite profile emerges from a detailed model of its genome, its proteome and the kinetics of the reaction network. We again found a large role for temporal variation in selection pressures, and also substantial historical contingency. Finally, with P5, P6 and P8, we developed a first version of the virtual Tanacetum, a simulation model synthesising all currently available information on the genetic basis of leaf terpenoid chemodiversity and on the interactions of this chemodiversity with herbivores and pollinators. A first virtual Solanum (with P3, P4) will likewise be prepared in the first funding phase. In the proposed second funding period, we aim to extend our models for the causes of chemodiversity and explore the consequences of plant chemodiversity in a variable biotic and abiotic world. First, we will explore the role of chemodiversity for the responses of plant populations in a variable pollinator and herbivore environment. Second, we will investigate the role of intraspecific chemodiversity for plant populations under climate change (with input from P10 and COR). For both work packages, we hypothesise that there is a portfolio or buffering effect whereby in a changing environment more chemodiverse populations fluctuate less strongly and are potentially also larger on average. Third (with P1-P8), we will develop the virtual Populus and extend the virtual Tanacetum and the virtual Solanum using newly generated data from the genomes, new crossing experiments and common garden data. Fourth, we will contribute to the common chemodiversity-plasticity experiment (COR) by feeding the short-term experimental results into our virtual plant models to derive long-term predictions for the effects of chemodiversity under recurrent episodes of drought stress and herbivory.

植物化学多样性是由一系列复杂的分子、生态和进化过程形成的。第一个供资期的目标是开始建立一个定量建模框架，用于植物化学多样性的进化出现和维持。与P5合作，我们回顾了现有模型的文献，这些模型解释了植物化学多样性是如何产生和维持的。虽然有许多口头模型，但迄今为止很少有数学模型和计算机模拟。为了填补这一空白，我们开发了两种互补的建模方法种内植物化学多样性的演变。首先，对于P3和P8，我们开发了一个简单的概念验证模型，其中代谢物的存在或不存在直接编码在基因组中。我们发现，草食动物的压力的时间变化可以保持大量的种内化学多样性，无论是在植物内部和之间，如果代谢产物的存在等位基因的遗传优势的抗草食动物的活动是大于其遗传优势的成本。其次，我们开发了一个更机械的基于个体的模拟模型，其中植物个体的代谢产物谱出现在其基因组，蛋白质组和反应网络动力学的详细模型中。我们再次发现了一个很大的作用，选择压力的时间变化，也大量的历史偶然性。最后，与P5，P6和P8，我们开发了第一个版本的虚拟Tanacetum，一个模拟模型，合成所有目前可用的信息的遗传基础上的叶萜类化合物的化学多样性和这种化学多样性与食草动物和传粉者的相互作用。第一个虚拟Solanum（包括P3、P4）也将在第一个融资阶段准备。在拟议的第二个资助期内，我们的目标是扩展我们的模型的化学多样性的原因，并探讨植物化学多样性在一个可变的生物和非生物世界的后果。首先，我们将探讨化学多样性的作用，植物种群的反应在一个变量传粉和草食动物的环境。第二，我们将调查种内化学多样性的作用，植物种群在气候变化下（与输入P10和COR）。对于这两个工作包，我们假设有一个投资组合或缓冲效应，从而在不断变化的环境中，更多的化学多样性人口波动不那么强烈，也可能是更大的平均。第三（P1-P8），我们将开发虚拟杨树，并使用来自基因组的新生成数据，新的杂交实验和普通花园数据扩展虚拟Tanacetum和虚拟Solanum。第四，我们将有助于共同的化学多样性可塑性实验（COR）通过喂养短期的实验结果到我们的虚拟植物模型，以获得长期的预测化学多样性的影响下，反复发作的干旱胁迫和草食动物。