Islam and Modern Trends in Middle Eastern Islamic Countries

伊斯兰教与中东伊斯兰国家的现代趋势

• 批准号: 06451065
• 负责人: KIMURA Yoshihiro
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06451065/
• 关键词: Islam; Nationalism; Fundamentalism; Arab; Iran; Hanbalism; Law

In an attempt to understand the resurgence of Islam in the last decades in terms of social changes in Arab countries, Kimura reached the following conclusion : most of political and social reforms aimed at introducing western institutions, such as liberalism, democracy or socialism, failed largely because of the authoritarianism in the government, the continuance of Islamic ethos and the cultural, political and economic dependency of Arab countries on the western civilization. Disappointed at the poor performance of these reforms, the masses come to reassess traditional values and to seek their identity in traditional social groups and systems, including Islam and Islamic institutions. Kuroda tried to explore the relations between the Iranian central government and the Jangali movement which rose against the invading Russian army from the middle of 1915 in the Gilan province and after the October Revolution resisted the British forces aiming to control Iran alone. By analyzing some documents in Persian and in English, he concludes that the movement took into account the crucial nationwide problems as well as the local interests. Yanagihashi examined the positive rules of Hanbali law school in the domains of civil law. The Hanbali school is regarded as the forerunner of the fundamentalism which grew and does not cease to grow influencing in the modern Arab and Islamic countries. In accordance with its religious tendency to deny the authoritarianism characteristic of the Islamic world since the tenth century and at the same time to reject the non-Islamic elements of Sufism, the Hanbali jurisprudence reveals its tendency to abide by sacred texts in negligence of traditional legal opinions and in absence of rules in sacred texts it depends on discretionary judgment in a comparatively unrestrained manner. The Hanbali school in contemporary Saudi Arabia considers in practice the sharia as the supreme legal norm.

为了从阿拉伯国家的社会变革角度理解伊斯兰教在过去几十年中的复兴，木村得出了以下结论：大多数旨在引入西方制度的政治和社会改革，如自由主义，民主主义或社会主义，都失败了，主要是因为政府中的威权主义，伊斯兰精神的延续和文化，阿拉伯国家对西方文明的政治和经济依赖。由于对这些改革的不良表现感到失望，群众开始重新评估传统价值观，并在传统的社会群体和制度，包括伊斯兰教和伊斯兰机构中寻求自己的身份。黑田试图探讨伊朗中央政府与从1915年中期起在吉兰省反抗入侵的俄国军队并在十月革命后抵抗旨在单独控制伊朗的英国军队的詹加利运动之间的关系。通过对波斯文和英文文献的分析，他认为这场运动既考虑到了地方利益，也考虑到了全国性的重大问题。柳桥在民法领域考察了汉八里法学派的实证规则。汉巴里学派被认为是原教旨主义的先驱，在现代阿拉伯和伊斯兰国家的影响不断增长。汉巴里法理学由于其否认世纪以来伊斯兰世界的权威主义特征，同时又排斥苏菲派的非伊斯兰因素的宗教倾向，表现出对传统法律的意见的遵从，在没有圣典规则的情况下，相对自由地依赖于自由裁量的倾向。当代沙特阿拉伯的汉巴利学派在实践中认为伊斯兰教法是最高的法律的规范。

项目成果

Kuroda, Takashi: ""Center-Periphery Relation Seen from the Case of the Jangali Movement"" Center and Periphery in Iran, The Institute of Asian Economic Affairs. 53-60 (1995)

黑田隆：“从贾加利运动案例看的中心与外围关系”，伊朗的中心与外围，亚洲经济事务研究所。

黒田卓: "『イランの中央と地方』所収「ジャンギャリー運動に見る中央-地方関係」" アジア経済研究所, 202(53-60) (1995)

Takashi Kuroda：“Jangari 运动中看到的中央与地方关系”摘自“伊朗的中央和地方”，发展中经济研究所，202(53-60) (1995)

黒田卓: "イラン立憲革命と地域社会-ギーラーン州アンジョマンを中心に" 東洋史研究. 53. 155-187 (1994)

黑田隆：“伊朗宪政革命与地方社会——以吉兰省安佐曼为中心”《东方史研究》53。155-187（1994）。

柳橋博之: "The Judicial Functions of the Sultan according to the Maliki Jurists up to the sixth/twelfth Century" Islamic Law and Society. 3. 1-34 (1996)

Hiroyuki Yanagibashi：“根据马利基法学家直至六/十二世纪的苏丹的司法职能”《伊斯兰法律与社会》3. 1-34 (1996)。

Kuroda, Takashi: ""Constitutional Revolution and a Local Community"" The Toyoshi-Kenkyu (The Journal of Oriental Research). vol. 53, no. 3. 155-187 (1994)

黑田隆：“宪政革命与地方社区”，《丰吉研究》（《东方研究杂志》）。