Intraspecific chemodiversity in Tanacetum vulgare shapes above- and belowground plant-associated communities

菊苣的种内化学多样性塑造了地上和地下植物相关群落

• 批准号: 433339619
• 负责人: Dr. Robin Heinen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Terrestrische Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433339619?language=en
• 关键词: Intraspecific; chemodiversity; Tanacetum; vulgare; shapes

In the first funding phase, our goal was to manipulate chemodiversity of Tanacetum vulgare at the plant community level, to study the interactions between these plants and aphids. Therefore, we created a chemodiversity field experiment - totaling 84 plots and 504 plants - in which the plot-level chemotype richness of Tanacetum vulgare terpenoid chemotypes (determined by P5 and P6) ranged from one to six. We sampled insect communities (focusing on aphids and predators) and plant growth parameters as well as headspace volatile organic compounds (with P1 and P2). Field insect and volatile data are currently under analysis, but preliminary analyses show effects of plot-level chemotype richness on aphid colonisation, particularly a positive effect on Metopeurum fuscoviride abundance. Under laboratory conditions, we performed pairwise choice assays for the used chemotypes, using two aphid species specialised on T. vulgare, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Uroleucon tanaceti (with P5). We found that chemotypes affect choice behaviour in both species and that terpenoid diversity tends to repel, while total terpenoid concentration tends to attract M. tanacetaria. Bottom-up and top-down pot studies on the T. vulgare chemotypes revealed that M. tanacetaria colonies grow significantly faster on two out of six chemotypes, while colony survival when exposed to natural predators was significantly lower on one (different) chemotype. We showed that chemodiversity mediates – at least partly – aphid attraction or repellence, bottom-up and top-down processes in T. vulgare and its insect communities, and our current focus is to link these individual processes in the study system. In the second funding period, our goal is to continue to investigate aphid communities in relation to chemodiversity (with P5) with a focus on its effects on the dynamics between the specialist ant-tended aphid M. fuscoviride and Lasius niger ants. We will combine field observations in our common garden with pot experiments to unravel the role of chemodiversity, and particularly volatiles (with P1, P2), in driving ant visitation and consequences for M fuscoviride performance and interspecific competition with other aphid species. In addition, our aim is to use the field experiment to investigate consequences of chemodiversity belowground. We will study the consequences of plot-level chemotype richness on soil communities, i.e. soil-dwelling nematodes, micro- and macro-arthropods and endophytic fungi (with P4). In a pot experiment, we will test the consequences of soils from plots differing in plot-level chemotype richness and conspecific response plants differing in chemodiversity for plant-soil feedbacks, herbivores and pollinators (with P5). P7 will contribute to the chemodiversity-plasticity experiment by quantifying herbivory and herbivore fitness.

在第一个资助阶段，我们的目标是在植物群落水平上操纵Tanacetum vulgare的化学多样性，研究这些植物和蚜虫之间的相互作用。因此，我们创建了一个化学多样性田间实验-共84个地块和504株植物-其中Tanacetum vulgare萜类化合物化学型的地块水平化学型丰富度（由P5和P6确定）范围从1到6。我们采样昆虫群落（重点是蚜虫和捕食者）和植物生长参数以及顶空挥发性有机化合物（P1和P2）。现场昆虫和挥发性数据目前正在分析中，但初步分析显示，图级的化学型丰富的蚜虫定殖的影响，特别是一个积极的影响Metopeurum fuscoviride丰度。在实验室条件下，我们对所用的化学型进行了成对选择测定，使用了两种专化于T。vulgare，Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria和Uroleucon tanaceti（P5）。我们发现，化学型影响选择行为，在这两个物种和萜类化合物的多样性往往排斥，而总萜类化合物的浓度往往吸引M。tanacetaria。自下而上和自上而下的盆栽研究。普通化学型显示M. tanacetaria殖民地增长显着更快的两个六个化学型，而殖民地生存时，暴露于自然捕食者显着较低的一个（不同）化学型。我们发现，化学多样性介导-至少部分-蚜虫吸引或排斥，自下而上和自上而下的过程中T。vulgare及其昆虫群落，我们目前的重点是在研究系统中将这些个体过程联系起来。在第二个资助期，我们的目标是继续调查蚜虫群落与化学多样性（与P5）的关系，重点是它对专业蚂蚁照料的蚜虫M之间动态的影响。褐绿蚁和尼日尔蚁。我们将结合联合收割机在我们共同的花园盆栽实验，以解开化学多样性的作用，特别是挥发物（与P1，P2），在驱动蚂蚁访问和M fuscoviride性能和种间竞争与其他蚜虫物种的后果。此外，我们的目的是利用田间实验来调查地下化学多样性的后果。我们将研究地块水平化学型丰富度对土壤群落的影响，即土壤线虫，微型和大型节肢动物和内生真菌（与P4）。在一个盆栽实验中，我们将测试土壤的后果，从地块不同的地块水平的化学型丰富度和同种反应植物不同的化学多样性的植物土壤反馈，食草动物和传粉（与P5）。P7将通过量化草食动物和草食动物适应性来促进化学多样性可塑性实验。