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Redundant Control of Motor Systems in Arthropods

节肢动物运动系统的冗余控制

基本信息

批准号：
06454026
负责人：
YAMAGUCHI Tsuneo
金额：
$ 4.42万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06454026/
关键词：
Arthropods Motor systems Redundancy Giant interneurons Trigger neurons Compensatory movements Motor pattern selection

项目摘要

1)In the intact crayfish, the diverse sensory inputs converge onto the three pairs of nonspiking giant interneurons (G1, G2, G3 ; NGIs) of the brain through both direct excitatory and inhibitory pathways, and that although statocyst inputs potentially have more of an effect on NGI responses, the balance of the response must depend on how different sensory inputs are weighted in neuronal integration. Furthermore, it was found that the compensatory eyestalk movements during walking are not only under the influence of orientation cues, such as gravitational, visual, and substrate inputs, but also under the influence of outputs from walking motor center. 2)In adults with leg contact with the surface of water, intracellular injection of depolarizing current into any one of four dorsal giant interneurons (dGIs) ascending from the terminal abdominal ganglion and eighteen identified interneurons (trigger neurons) descending from the brain initiated swimming behavior. When the legs were not contact with the surface of water, the same current injection initiated flying behavior. In adults whose the brain and suboesophageal ganglion were removed, intracellular injection of depolarizing current into any one of these interneurons initiated flying behavior on the surface of water. Compared with the current injection into a single dGI,the current injection into two dGIs at the same time initiated flight or swimming behavior with short latency and long duration. These results suggest that the suboesophageal ganglion integrates the leg proprioceptive inputs to select the behavioral motor pattern most appropriate to the current external condition. 3)The above-mentioned results imply that the neuronal mechanism of motor control in arthropods might involve considerable functional overlap or "redundancy" to utilize common sets of muscles while operating in "false safe" and "synergic action" modes, and to select specific motor pattern.

1）在完整的小龙虾中，不同的感觉输入通过直接的兴奋性和抑制性通路会聚到大脑的三对非尖峰巨中间神经元（G1，G2，G3 ; NGI）上，尽管平衡囊输入可能对NGI反应有更大的影响，但反应的平衡必须取决于不同的感觉输入在神经元整合中的权重。此外，研究发现，在步行过程中的补偿眼柄运动不仅在方向线索的影响下，如重力，视觉和基板输入，但也在步行运动中心的输出的影响下。（2）在腿接触水面的成年人中，向从终末腹神经节上行的4个背侧巨中间神经元（dGI）和从大脑下行的18个识别的中间神经元（触发神经元）中的任何一个细胞内注射去极化电流启动游泳行为。当腿不接触水面时，相同的电流注入启动飞行行为。在成年人的大脑和食管下神经节被删除，细胞内注射去极化电流到任何一个这些interneurons发起在水面上的飞行行为。与单一dGI电流注入相比，同时向两个dGI注入电流可启动潜伏期短、持续时间长的飞行或游泳行为。这些结果表明，食管下神经节整合腿部本体感受输入，以选择最适合当前外部条件的行为运动模式。3)上述结果表明，节肢动物运动控制的神经机制可能涉及相当大的功能重叠或“冗余”，以利用共同的肌肉集，而在“假安全”和“协同行动”模式，并选择特定的运动模式。