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CREATION OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND CONSTRUCTION OF RECYCLE SYSTEM

枯草芽孢杆菌创制微生物农药及回收系统的构建

基本信息

批准号：
07555558
负责人：
SHODA Makoto
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,RESEARCH LABORATORY OF RESOURCES UTILIZATION
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A massive organic wastes from food industry are produced under the situation that proper treatment methods have not been developed. On the other hand, excessive use of chemical pesticides caused environmental problems even in agricultural area. To solve the two problems simulatmenously, the research was conducted and the followings are the summary of the results.(1) Newly isolated bacteria, Bacillus subtilis NB22, RB14 and YB8, were cultivated in solid state fermentation, using soybean curd residur, Okara as a substrate to produce microbial pesticede. In scale-up from 15g to 3kg, optimal condition was investigated and temperature control and aeration were found to be crucial factors for the production of the antibiotics by the bacteria.(2) The oraka fermented product was treated to soil and the growth effect of the product on the plant was confirmed in a pot test.(3) The culture broth, cell suspension and cell-free broth of the bacteria were applied to soil infested with plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani of damping-off of tomato and the suppressive effect of the bacteria to the plant disease was proved. The concentrations of the cells, antibiotics in soil were determined and the role of the antibiotics to control the desease was confirmed.(4) The genes which are responsible for the production of the antibiotics were cloned, designated as lpa. The role of the genes for the suppression of the disease was also confirmed in plant test.(5) Basic systems analysis for construction of recycle system of the organic wastes produced in Kanagawa Prefecture was conducted by using simple chemical process was carried out.

食品工业产生了大量的有机废弃物，而目前还没有合适的处理方法。另一方面，化学农药的过量使用，甚至在农业地区也造成了环境问题。为了同时解决这两个问题，进行了研究，以下是结果的总结。(1)以豆腐渣、奥卡拉为原料，对新分离的枯草芽孢杆菌NB 22、RB 14和YB 8进行固态发酵，研究其产微生物农药的特性。在从15g到3kg的放大试验中，考察了最佳条件，发现温度控制和通风是细菌产生抗生素的关键因素。(2)将奥拉卡发酵产物处理到土壤中，并在盆栽试验中证实产物对植物的生长效果。(3)将该菌的培养液、细胞悬液和无细胞培养液应用于番茄立枯病病原菌Rhizoctonia solani的土壤中，证明了该菌对番茄立枯病的抑制作用。测定了土壤中细菌、抗生素的浓度，证实了抗生素对病害的防治作用。(4)负责生产抗生素的基因被克隆，命名为lpa。在植物试验中也证实了这些基因对病害的抑制作用。(5)对神奈川县产生的有机废弃物利用简单的化学处理方法进行了回收系统建设的基本系统分析。