CREATION OF MICROBIAL PESTICIDE BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND CONSTRUCTION OF RECYCLE SYSTEM

食品工业产生了大量的有机废弃物，但目前还没有找到合适的处理方法。另一方面，即使在农业领域，化学农药的过度使用也造成了环境问题。为了同时解决这两个问题，进行了研究，以下是研究结果的总结。(1)以豆腐渣为底物，对新分离到的枯草芽孢杆菌NB22、RB14和YB8进行固态发酵培养，生产微生物农药。在从15g扩大到3kg的过程中，研究了最佳条件，发现温度控制和通风是细菌生产抗生素的关键因素。(2)将oraka发酵产物与土壤进行处理，通过盆栽试验验证了发酵产物对植物的生长效果。(3)将该菌培养液、细胞悬浮液和无细胞培养液分别施用于番茄枯枯枯丝核菌侵染土壤，验证了该菌对番茄枯枯枯病的抑制作用。测定了土壤中细菌和抗生素的浓度，证实了抗生素对该病的控制作用。(4)克隆了产生抗生素的基因，命名为lpa。这些基因对病害的抑制作用也在植物试验中得到证实。(5)对神奈川县生产的有机废弃物采用简单化学法回收系统进行了基本系统分析。

A massive organic wastes from food industry are produced under the situation that proper treatment methods have not been developed. On the other hand, excessive use of chemical pesticides caused environmental problems even in agricultural area. To solve the two problems simulatmenously, the research was conducted and the followings are the summary of the results.(1) Newly isolated bacteria, Bacillus subtilis NB22, RB14 and YB8, were cultivated in solid state fermentation, using soybean curd residur, Okara as a substrate to produce microbial pesticede. In scale-up from 15g to 3kg, optimal condition was investigated and temperature control and aeration were found to be crucial factors for the production of the antibiotics by the bacteria.(2) The oraka fermented product was treated to soil and the growth effect of the product on the plant was confirmed in a pot test.(3) The culture broth, cell suspension and cell-free broth of the bacteria were applied to soil infested with plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani of damping-off of tomato and the suppressive effect of the bacteria to the plant disease was proved. The concentrations of the cells, antibiotics in soil were determined and the role of the antibiotics to control the desease was confirmed.(4) The genes which are responsible for the production of the antibiotics were cloned, designated as lpa. The role of the genes for the suppression of the disease was also confirmed in plant test.(5) Basic systems analysis for construction of recycle system of the organic wastes produced in Kanagawa Prefecture was conducted by using simple chemical process was carried out.