The politics of reparation of victim organisations in transitional justice

大规模暴力事件结束后，出现了如何向受害者提供赔偿的问题。这些物质或象征性赔偿包括赔偿、复原和恢复原状。虽然近年来关于过渡时期司法的国际研究集中于受害者的作用及其机构参与，但只有少数研究调查了赔偿政策的选择性。这是值得注意的，因为，首先，研究概述了受害者只是有选择地在过渡司法程序中获得赔偿，尽管自21世纪初以来，已经出现了关于受害者赔偿的国际规范。第二，众所周知，严重侵犯人权行为的受害者优先考虑赔偿。因此，对不执行赔偿的挫折感可能会增加过渡社会的潜在冲突。然而，关于过渡时期司法中受害者赔偿的选择性执行的比较研究和理论化研究却很少。在此背景下，本项目涉及受害者组织的赔偿政治、其目的和手段。我们关注的是由政府决定的行政赔偿，而不是忽视法院下令的赔偿可能对有关赔偿的公共辩论产生影响。我们想测试三种方法来解释赔偿政策的选择性。在此基础上，我们对积极修复结果的因果机制提出了假设。该项目比较了四个国家的赔偿政治，每个国家代表不同的暴力历史：危地马拉的反政府战争，摩洛哥的国家镇压，北爱尔兰的身份冲突，东帝汶的分离主义战争。该项目的目的是查明对过去政治暴力受害者的赔偿负有责任的因果因素，以便为过渡时期司法研究中经常声称的理论化作出贡献。

After the end of mass violence the question arises how to provide victims with reparations. Those material or symbolic reparations include compensations, rehabilitation as well as restitution. Although international research on transitional justice has focused on the role of victims and their institutional participation in recent years, only few studies have investigated the selectivity of reparation policies. This is remarkable, because, first, studies have outlined that victims only selectively receive compensations in transitional justice processes, although since the early 2000s an international norm on victim reparations has emerged. Second, it is well established that victims of gross human rights violations prioritize compensation. Thus, frustrations about the non-implementation of reparations might increase conflict potential in a transitional society. Yet there have been very few comparative and theorizing studies on the selective implementation of victim reparations in transitional justice. On that background the project is concerned with the politics of reparation of victim organizations, their aims and means. We focus on administrative reparations, decided by governments without ignoring that reparations ordered by the court might have an impact on the public debates about reparations. We want to test three approaches to explain the selectivity of reparation policies. Based on that, we develop hypotheses on causal mechanisms for positive reparation outcomes. The project compares politics of reparations in four cases each representing different violent pasts: Guatemala for an anti-regime war, Morocco for state repression, Northern Irland for an identity based conflict, and Timor Leste for a secessionist war. The aim of the project is to identity causal factors that are responsible for the compensation of victims of past political violence in order to contribute to frequently claimed theorization in transitional justice research.