Doctoral Dissertation Research: Comparing Multi-Scalar Claims for Redress and Reparation

在二十世纪下半叶，对历史不公正的补救要求给政治和法律制度带来了越来越大的压力。国际和国家两级的赔偿要求可能同时发生，这加剧了这种压力。这一裁决支持的研究询问国际赔偿要求如何与国家要求地方政府赔偿的要求趋同或背离。有了这一双重重点，这项研究的结果可用于制定国家政府和国际组织的战略，以应对日益增长的索赔要求。哥伦比亚大学人类学博士生安娜·施莱尔将在大卫·斯科特博士的指导下在圭亚那进行这项研究。圭亚那是进行这项研究的适当地点，因为在多个层面上都有积极的索赔要求，可用于研究，而且该国面积相对较小，因此更容易将所涉因素分离出来进行科学研究。目前，有两种索赔岌岌可危。加勒比共同体多国组织加共体提出的一项索赔是国家主导的、面向国际的补救索赔。另一种是地方团体向民族国家本身提出的基于国家权利的土地主张。通过为期12个月的人种学研究，研究人员将比较法律资源、种族认同政治和联盟网络，这些资源被用来使提出赔偿要求的权力合法化。数据将通过半结构化访谈、以自我为中心的网络映射和参与者观察来收集，这些网络中的五个不同节点的专家是非概率样本。这项研究将有助于对国家和跨国家社会法律进程之间的相互作用进行社会科学理论化。为了接触到非学术受众，联合-PI将通过在非政府组织学术政策论坛上的公开演讲和与当地利益攸关方一起传播她的研究成果。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的学术价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In the second half of the twentieth century, claims for redress for historical injustices have put increasing pressure on political and legal systems. This pressure is compounded by the fact that claims for reparations may occur simultaneously at international and national levels. The research supported by this award asks how international claims for redress converge on or diverge from national claims for redress from local governments. With this dual focus, findings from this research can be used in the development of national government and international organization strategies for engaging with the increasing growth of claims for redress. Columbia University anthropology doctoral student, Anna Schirrer, supervised by Dr. David Scott, will carry out the research in Guyana. Guyana is an appropriate site for the research because there are active claims for redress at multiple levels that can be leveraged for research, and because the comparatively small size of the country makes the factors involved easier to isolate for a scientific study. Currently, there are two sorts of claims at stake. One claim, articulated by the multi-state Caribbean Community organization CARICOM, is a state-driven and internationally oriented claim for redress. The other, is a national rights-based claim for land addressed by local groups to the nation-state itself. Through twelve months of ethnographic research, the researcher will compare the legal resources, ethnic identity politics, and alliance networks used to legitimize authority in making redress claims. Data will be gathered through semi-structured interviews, ego-centered network mapping, and participant observation with a non-probability sample of experts at five different nodes in these networks. This research will contribute to social science theorization of the interactions between national and cross-national socio-legal processes. To reach non-academic audiences, the Co-PI will disseminate her research findings through public presentations at NGO-academic policy forums and with local stakeholders.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.