Mineral nutrition of C4 plants

与C3光合植物相比，C4光合作用的进化导致了碳同化速率和植物生长的增加。这种增强的植物生长影响了对来自土壤的矿质养分的需求。然而，矿物植物营养很少被认为与C4光合作用有关。通过对不同光合作用类型黄草属植物的分析，我们发现C3和C4植物在硫化合物积累和磷酸盐分配方面存在差异。C3和C4植物根系间的沟通对调节硫酸盐和磷酸盐的吸收和分配具有重要意义。通过对红毛茛（C3）和黄毛茛（C4）的种间嫁接，发现两种植物在硫同化方面的差异主要受根系控制。这些种间嫁接为研究S和P营养中这种交流机制提供了一个很好的实验系统。然而，在其他具有C3和C4光合作用的物种中，营养平衡的不同调节是否也保持是一个非常重要的问题。在这个项目中，我们的目的是剖析黄草中磷酸盐稳态的差异，以及C3和C4物种之间矿物质营养的更普遍差异。这项工作将评估在何种程度上矿质营养在C3和C4植物中受到不同的控制，以及它在多大程度上对C4光合机制的最佳表现有重要意义。我们特别想：1。探讨黄花属植物C3和C4不同种类磷素积累的机制。确定黄花苜蓿C4光合作用增加时，哪些养分积累有差异。测试C3和C4种在其他属中是否保持营养平衡的差异

The evolution of C4 photosynthesis led to an increase in carbon assimilation rates and plant growth compared to C3 photosynthetic plants. This enhanced plant growth affects the requirement for soil-derived mineral nutrients. However, mineral plant nutrition has scarcely been considered in connection with C4 photosynthesis. By analysing species of the genus Flaveria with different photosynthesis types, we have shown differences in accumulation of sulfur compounds and allocation of phosphate between C3 and C4 species. It seems that root-shoot communication is important to adjust the uptake and allocation of sulfate and phosphate to different needs of C3 and C4 plants. We have generated interspecies grafts between F. robusta (C3) and F. bidentis (C4) which revealed that the difference in sulfur assimilation is mainly controlled by the root. These interspecies grafts represent an excellent experimental system to address the mechanisms of such communication in S and P nutrition. However, also the question if the different regulation of nutrient homeostasis is conserved in other species with C3 and C4 photosynthesis is of utmost importance. In this project we aim to dissect the differences in phosphate homeostasis in Flaveria and more general differences in mineral nutrition between C3 and C4 species. This work will assess to what extent mineral nutrition is differently controlled in C3 and C4 plants and how far it is important for optimal performance of the C4 photosynthetic mechanism. In particular we want to: 1. Find the mechanisms of differential phosphate accumulation in C3 and C4 Flaveria species2. Determine which nutrients show differences in accumulation with increasing degree of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria3. Test whether differences in nutrient homeostasis are conserved in other genera with C3 and C4 species